Java Web Services Sharmila Chalasani MS Computer Science State university of New York at Binghamton Termination Project Summer 2004

Outline Introduction to web services Existing solutions Web service Architecture Standards used Web services technology JAX-RPC Architecture Hosting using Java web services Steps involved in creating weather web service Consuming my weather forecast web service (client details) Some facts about web services References

Why are we here? "Web Services" contain the word "Web" and Web technologies matter. More and more people get connected using computers, televisions, mobiles, … "Web Services" contain the word "services" and we wonder why kind of services they will fulfill for us. We already have services on the Web, so what's missing?

The Problem (eg. how to buy tomatoes) Find the tomato sellers; Yellow Pages: contain companies that are selling tomatoes, their location, and contact information. Find the service offered according to my needs; Where, when and how can I buy tomatoes? Buy the tomatoes; do the transaction

Traditional web application/Web service

Web Service Requirement Applications need to communicate: Unless tomato buyers can communicate to tomato sellers, there will be no business. The system must scale: -As many tomato buyers and sellers as possible. -Being able to use any future new kind of tomatoes or any kind of products (potatoes, video games, …) -Add new layers: security! The solution must be portable across environments: -Not all tomato buyers and sellers will use the same system or the same language. Used by anyone, anywhere, and with any kind of devices.

Existing solutions How can two (or more) applications communicate today? Ad Hoc solutions: Unless you want to buy your own tomatoes, it won't be useful. Language-oriented solutions (Java RMI, …) Works well if the tomato seller uses your language Service-oriented solutions (CORBA, DCE, DCOM) And about the Web?

Web service: definition A Web service is a software system identified by a URI, whose public interfaces and bindings are defined and described using XML. Its definition can be discovered by other software systems. These systems may then interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its definition, using XML based messages conveyed by Internet protocols. Loosely coupled, reusable software components that semantically encapsulate discrete functionality and are distributed and programmatically accessible over standard Internet protocols.

Advantages of Web service Not based on a programming language: Java,.Net, C, C++, Python, Perl, … Not based on a programming data model: objects vs non-objects environments. Convergence of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) and Web. Based on web technologies Do not need huge framework of memory Basic usage is b-to-b,remote controlled devices,internal external appl communications

Web services application Can use Web Services to integrate across departments, agencies, to companies, etc.

Web service Architecture An architecture view based on SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.

Web service Transport Data format XML (subset of XML 1.0), URL encoding. Data format schema definition: XML Schema Wire format XML Protocol (XML-RPC, SOAP), URI Transfer protocol: HTTP, SMTP, JMS, BEEP, …

WS built on existing standards Extensible Markup Language (XML) The HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) standard is allowing more systems to communicate with one another. SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) (built on XML) standardizes the messaging capability on different systems. UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration ) standardizes the publishing and finding of Web services. WSDL (Web Services Description Language ) standardizes the description of Web services so providers and requesters are speaking the same language.

Web Services technology 3 major Web services toolkits being used widely.NET Web services: Developed by Microsoft and is an integral part of the complete.NET framework. Integrated and easy to use with Visual Studio.NET. services are hosted on IIS web servers. Java Web services: Sun’s Web service implementation for the Java community. Comes bundled in a complete Java Web services Development Pack (JWSDP Ver 1.3) including Tomcat web server. Apache Axis: Initially developed by IBM and donated to the Apache group. One of the earliest and stable Web service implementation. Runs on Apache Web servers.

Package used in my project JWSDP 1.3 (java web services developer pack) JWSDP includes : -Java XML pack -Tomcat Java Servlet -JavaServer pages containers -Registry server -Ant build tool. JWSDP 1.4 is released now …

Java API used in my project JAX-RPC (Java API for XML based RPC) Features and Developer Benefits : - Portable and interoperable web services - Ease of development of web services endpoints & clients - Increased developer productivity - Support for open standards: XML, SOAP, WSDL - Standard API developed under Java Community Process - Support for tools - RPC programming model with support for attachments - Support for SOAP message processing model & extensions - Secure web services - Extensible type mapping

JAX-RPC Architecture

Hosting using Java Web Services Required tools and files to create java web service : Ant Tool : This a tool extensively used in J2EE architecture for handling multiple configuration files while compiling several files. You can consider it similar to make utility in unix platforms. Build.xml : This is the file used by the Ant tool to get the compilation and path directives. It contains options to selectively compile-server, compile-client, generate-client, run- client etc Build.properties : Some misc properties and path settings that are referred to by build.xml. config.xml : Defines the URL for WSDL file location. Each Web services has a corresponding WSDL (Web service Definition Language) document.

Hosting Java web services cont. jaxrpc-ri.xml: Defines the various end points for referencing a Web service. Misc. utilities: wscompile: The wscompile tool generates stubs, ties, serializers, and WSDL files used in JAX-RPC clients and services. The tool reads as input a configuration file and either a WSDL file or an RMI interface that defines the service. wsdeploy: Reads a WAR file (something like Jar file) and the jaxrpc-ri.xml file and then generates another WAR file that is ready for deployment

Steps : creating my project “MyWeatherService” Deploy the service using “ant deploy” and verifying the service using service endpoint's URL:

Deployed “MyWeatherService” This page also has a URL to the service's WSDL file. model.gz file contains the internal data structures that describe the service.

WSDL file of my web service

“MyWeatherService” functions Functions available from service endpoint interface : - boolean isvalidZipCode(String zip) - String getWeatherReport(String zip) - HashMap getZipcodeListMap() - getHighTemp, getLowTemp, getHumidity, getWind, getVisibility etc. Communicating modes accessing web service Stubs, dynamic proxy,DII(dynamic invocation interface)

Consuming “MyWeatherService” Clients created to consume my weather service : genereate stubs, compile client, package client, run the client Static stub client stubs are created before runtime (by wscompile), it is usually called a static stub..It makes this call through a stub, a local object which acts as a proxy for the remote service. Dynamic Proxy client This client creates a Service object which is factory of proxies(stubs are created at runtime dynamically) Web Client This client used.jsp pages to display web form for the user to enter zipcode to get weather forecast by calling getWeatherReport function on the stubs created before.

Consuming Web service cont.

Consuming Web service cont. WebClient

Web services: challenges A whole suite of technologies to design: communication protocol description of services enable security and privacy describe complex interactions... Must design to be interoperable and Web-friendly

Some facts Web service is a new paradigm, it is in initial stages. Web service tech is evolving rapidly, sometimes in unexpected directions.such changes may cause difficulties early on. Various standards and specifications are still being defined and refined. Security standards are also being defined. The key security issues for WS concern authentication, authorization, and ensuring security at the transport and message level.They remain a work in progress by the community.

References Java web services tutorial from sun Java Web services In a Nutshell O’Reilly – Kim Topley XML In a Nutshell O'Reilly Java Web Services for Experienced Programmers Deitel developer series Java Web Services David Chappell O’Reilly New updates about the package jwsdp & projects are discussed here

Thanks