An Introduction to Philosophy.

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Philosophy

What are your thoughts or ideas? What is Philosophy ? What are your thoughts or ideas?

What is Philosophy ? There are many, many definitions of “philosophy” Philosophy concerns itself with the most fundamental human questions about reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language

Basic Human Questions What is Is there a god? Is war good or evil? How should we treat the environment? Basic Human Questions Is there a god? Is war good or evil? Do humans have rights? What is the purpose of life? What is happiness? Is science more important than faith? Is social harmony better than freedom? What is justice? Can we communicate with spirits?

Early Global Philosophies HCOM 301 Early Global Philosophies

The Axial Age 900-200 BCE “The spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently and these are the foundations upon which humanity still subsists today.” Karl Jaspers, 1949

The Axial Age 900-200 BCE Parsva & Mahavira: Jainism India Parsva & Mahavira: Jainism Siddhartha Gautama: Buddhism Hinduism China Confucius: Confucianism Laozi: Taoism Greece Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle: Western Philosophy Middle East Elijah, Isaiah, & Jeremiah: Judaism, Christianity, Islam Zarathustra: Zoroastrianism Mesoamerica / Africa Oral Traditions & Folkways

Ancient Evidence of Ideas Cave Drawings Architecture Pottery & Sculpture Turtle Shell Writing

More Conventional Early Writing Indus Script @ 2000 BCE Phoenician Alphabet 1000 BCE Tao te ching 300 BCE Plato’s Writing 370 BCE

Closer to Home In Mesoamerica Mixtec in Oaxaca @ 1000 CE Mayan Codex @ 500 CE Mexica Migration Story @ 1400 CE

Mesoamerican Codex Early Writing

By the Middle Ages 500-1500 Philosophy Human inquiry into higher learning had been divided into just four fields: Theology Medicine Law Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy Degree In fact, For the past thousand years, people who study almost any field at the highest level are awarded a “Ph. D.” Doctor of Philosophy Degree

Over the centuries… Broad human inquiry into these basic questions has evolved into some subsets or sub-disciplines within the general field of Philosophy

Branches within Philosophy Ontology Epistemology Aesthetics Ethics Logic Applied

Branches within Philosophy Ontology: what exists, and what is the nature of reality? Epistemology: what is knowledge, and how do we know things? Ethics: how should we live and behave? What are right and wrong, moral and immoral? Logic: what is correct reasoning? Aesthetics: how are standards for beauty, taste, humor, comfort arrived at?

Fields of Applied Philosophy Philosophy of Education Philosophy of Politics or Government Philosophy of Art Philosophy of Medicine or Health Care Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Business Philosophy of History Etc.

Focus of HCOM 301 Basic Philosophy Applied Philosophy Ontology ☚ Epistemology ☚ Ethics ☚ Logic Aesthetics Philosophy of Education Philosophy of Politics or Government Philosophy of Art Philosophy of Medicine or Health Care Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Business Philosophy of Life ☚ (Worldviews)

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