Unit V: The 1920s Focus: The Stock Market Crash
“Everyone Ought to Be Rich” "Being rich is, of course, a comparative status. A man with a million dollars used to be considered rich, but so many people have at least that much these days, or are earning incomes in excess of a normal return from a million dollars, that a millionaire does not cause any comment... In my opinion the wealth of the country is bound to increase at a very rapid rate... Anyone who believes that opportunities are now closed and that from now on the country will get worse instead of better is welcome to the opinion—and whatever increment it will bring. I think that we have scarcely started... I am firm in my belief that anyone not only can be rich but ought to be rich...” -John Raskob, Ladies’ Home Journal (Aug 1929) Raskob: $15 a month in sound common stocks would grow to $80,000 in twenty years
New Consumer Commodities 1920: Radios, Hair Dryer, Radio Broadcasting 1921: Band-aids 1922: Insulin injections for diabetics 1923: Traffic signals 1924: Frozen Foods 1926: Aerosol Sprays 1927: Mechanical Refrigerator 1928: Bubble Gum, Sliced Bread, Penicillin Others: automatic home dish washer, pop up toaster, home air conditioning, sized to fit clothing
Automobiles Paved roads, the parcel post service, mass circulation magazines, diners, motels, tourism… Automobility Mass Production & Taylorism… time & motion Ford Production – 1913: 12.5 hours – Early 1920s: 93 minutes (moving assembly line) – 1927: 24 seconds Auto Sales: 1.5 million (1921) to 5 million (1929) – End of the decade, Americans owned 80% of the world’s autos Economic Effect – Steel, petroleum & oil, chemical, rubber, and glass industries – Highway construction became a billion-dollar a year enterprise – Spurred the growth of suburbs, real estate speculation, and shopping plazas By 1929, almost 1/3 of Americans took vacations by automobiles
Relevant Economic Terms Demand Supply Price Equilibrium Market Stock Stock Market Speculation / Speculator Margin Buying Bull Market Bear Market