INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY BY LT CDR V PRAVIN GUIDED BY DR D SAMANTA

NANOTECHNOLOGY THE REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS SALIENT FEATURES WORKING PRINCIPLE APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

Richard P. Feynman

FEYNMAN There is a plenty of room at the bottom The principles of physics do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom

SO WHAT IS IT? Anything smaller than Molecular technology Size of nanoscale Every atom in the right place Zettatechnology

SO WHAT IS IT? Nanotechnology is basically mechanisms that have been built by nanoscale components using to place every atom and molecule in a desired place

Extending…… MNT Molecular Nano Technology NSE Nano Scale Engineering MMT Molecular Manufacturing Technology MMS Molecular Machine System

IN NUTSHELL LIFE SCIENCE PHYSICAL SCIENCE MATERIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION SCIENCE

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

How big (small) are we talking about? UNDERSTANDING SIZE How big (small) are we talking about?

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 meter

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 centimeters

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 centimeter

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 100 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 micrometer

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 100 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 nanometer

NANOMETER………..(nm) A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m). This is roughly ten times the size of an individual atom.

SALIENT FEATURES

SALIENT FEATURES At atomic and molecular scales, in the length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer range Fundamentally new properties and functions because of their nanoscale structure

SALIENT FEATURES Ability to control , to see, measure, and manipulate matter on the atomic scale to exploit those properties and functions Ability to integrate those properties and functions into systems spanning from nano- to macro-scopic scales

WORKING OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

How does Nanotechnology work? 1.Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe. 2. Atoms and molecules stick together because they have complementary shapes that lock together, or charges that attract. Just like with magnets, a positively charged atom will stick to a negatively charged atom.

Every atom has a exhibits different property at various conditions The goal of nanotechnology is to manipulate atoms individually and place them in a pattern to produce a desired structure.

APPROACHES.. Two approaches can be taken when making something at the nano scale: Top-Down approach Bottom-Up approach

TOP DOWN APPROACH The top-down approach is analogous to making a stone statue. The process involves wastage. Used in fibres Seldom used in MNT

BOTTOM UP APPROACH Approach one would take to building a house Less wastage, as strong covalent bonds will hold the constituent parts together. Limited in how big the structures can be made Approach used currently

MANIPULATION Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope (VSPM)

CONCEPTS Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA) Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA) Massive Parallel Assembly (MPA)

STRUCTURE Nano composites Nano spheres Nano crystals Nano tubes & Quantum dots

OBSTACLES Fragile and unstable nature of nanoparticles Fusing together of nano particles when their surfaces touch Loss of special shape and properties

APPLICATIONS

COMPUTERS Single atom can be in two places, hence 03 atoms can represent all eight nos at a given time. Extrapolation of the above fact . Each logic elements made from a few atoms Mass storage device in size of a sugar cube

COMPUTERS Tiny nano-engineered ferroelectric crystals could realize of creating nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). Cool chips

MEDICINE Fluids of nano particles Slow down ageing process No scar surgeries Artificial limbs

MEDICINE Cancer and HIV Nano filters- capable of absorbing viruses Nano catalyst – improves efficiency of a reaction.

Applications Contd Agriculture Space Military Telecommunication

Applications Contd.. Sports Energy Environment ………..

FEAR Nuclear and atomic bombs can have different dimensions Cloning and miniaturization Nano medicine- worrying factor!

CONCLUSION Improvements and developments in existing products, such as stronger and lighter materials. Potential to initiate completely new products and industries that do not exist today

CONCLUSION BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY TECHNOLOGY

In the end...... As the size decreases...computer will compute faster, materials will be more stronger, medicine will cure more diseases. The technology that works at the nanometer scale of molecules and atom will be a large part of this future.

REFERENCES Springer handbook of nanotechnology http://peterindia.net/nanotechnology http://microcosm.web.cern.ch. http://nanotoxicology.ufl.edu http://nanotech-now.com http://nanobot.info

THE NEXT BIG THING IS REALLY SMALL