C: 15 Oct  Objective: SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.  Do now: Find the mass of your sand and salt. Record data in your notebook. (Do this quickly and quietly!!) 8 min.

To finish the lab…  Calculate the “recovered” mass of sand and salt.  Complete the conclusion questions from the Separating a Mixture Lab Handout  Be ready for an open notebook quiz on Monday.  Type up your procedure (paragraphs!) of what you ACTUALLY did: due Tues.

Agenda I. Do now and finish collecting lab data II. Subatomic particles: What’s in an atom? III. Modeling atoms and Forming Ions Activity IV. Naming ions and writing symbols Homework: Week 6 Homework #1-9: Mon. Complete Lab Conclusion Questions in your notebook (Lab Quiz Mon.) Type your procedure, paragraph form, including everything you actually did: Tues.

A: 15 Oct  Take out Homework: Atomic Structure and Ionization Worksheet  Objective: SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.  Objective: Look at your Atomic Structure and Ionization worksheet. What patterns do you see in group number and number of valence electrons?

Agenda I. Do now II. Check worksheet III. Trends in valence shell electrons IV. Modeling ions V. Writing symbols and charges for ions. Homework: Week 6 Homework #6-9

Subatomic Particles ChargeMassLocation Protonspositive (+)1nucleus Neutronsneutral (0)1nucleus Electronsnegative (-)1/2000around the nucleus  Sub: beneath, under, within  Atomic: the atom SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

What information does the Periodic Table give us? Introduction to the Periodic Table SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Periods (across rows) SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Group Numbers

6 C Carbon Element Symbol Atomic Number (= number of protons) Average atomic mass Element Name SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Atoms are neutral…  So they have the same number of electrons as protons  Oxygen (O)?  Argon (Ar)?  Potassium (K)?  Iron (Fe)? SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Where are the electrons?  Around the nucleus in energy levels  layers  Energy Level 1: Up to 2 electrons  Energy Level 2: Up to 8 electrons  Energy Level 3: Up to 8 electrons Filled in order! SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

 Octet rule: all atoms want 8 electrons in their outer energy level  exception: H and He want 2  Valence shell: outer energy level  To get 8, they gain or lose electrons, whichever is easier  <4: lose electrons  >4: gain electrons

 Ion: an atom that has gained or lost electrons  Ionization: the process of forming an ion

With your partner…  Follow the directions on your worksheet to make models of the elements given.  Answer all of the (a and b) questions  Work on the questions on page 3 (#1, 1, 2)  Complete (c) and (d) with your partner.  Finish the questions on page 3-4. SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Debrief  What patterns did you see? SWBAT model atomic structure and relate valence shell electrons to trends on the periodic table and write names and symbols for ions.

Ions formed by group - Add to your PTE Cations Anions Lose e - Gain e -

Writing ion symbols and names  Element symbol charge  For example, sodium loses one e-, so it has a charge of +1  Na + (1 is invisible)  For example, oxygen gains 2 e-, so it has a charge of 2-  O 2-

 Cations (positive ions) are given the name of the element  Na + is the “sodium ion”  Anions (negative ions) are given the name of the element with an “-ide” ending  Cl - is the “chloride ion”

Anions  N 3- nitride ion  O 2- oxide ion  F - fluoride ion  S 2- sulfide ion  Cl - chloride ion  Br - bromide ion  I - iodide ion

Homework Week 6 Homework #1-9 Finish packet from classwork today p. 3-4 Complete Lab Conclusion Questions in your notebook (Lab Quiz Mon.) Type your procedure, paragraph form, including everything you actually did

 Complete (c) and (d) with your partner  Finish the worksheet  Begin your homework

A: Homework  Week 6 Homework #6-9

Set up a table: Element# Valence E- Loses or Gains E- Cation or Anion? Charge of Ion Symbol of Ion Name of Ion 14 lines… … …

Number of Valence Electrons 1. Li 2. Be 3. B 4. F 5. O 6. N 7. Cl 8. P 9. K 10. Ca 11. Al 12. Se 13. Br 14. Kr

Lost or Gained Electrons? 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.F 5.O 6.N 7.Cl 8.P 9.K 10.Ca 11.Al 12.Se 13.Br 14.Kr

What ion is formed? 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.F 5.O 6.N 7.Cl 8.P 9.K 10.Ca 11.Al 12.Se 13.Br 14.Kr

Anion or Cation?  Cation is positive because it has LOST electrons.  It is a positive thing to have a cat, and it would be sad if you lost your cat.  Anion is negative because it has GAINED electrons  Mnemonic?

Anion or Cation? 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.F 5.O 6.N 7.Cl 8.P 9.K 10.Ca 11.Al 12.Se 13.Br 14.Kr

Symbols for Ions  Element Symbol Charge  Li +  Cl -  Al 3+  Number, then + or –  No need to write a “1”  1 is often invisible in chemistry

Write the Symbol 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.F 5.O 6.N 7.Cl 8.P 9.K 10.Ca 11.Al 12.Se 13.Br 14.Kr

Names for Ions  Cations: Same name as the element  Li + : lithium ion  Sr 2+ : strontium ion

Naming Ions  Anions: Ending changes to “-ide”  N 3- : nitride ion  O 2- : oxide ion  F - : fluoride ion  S 2- : sulfide ion  Cl - : chloride ion  Br - : bromide ion  I - : iodide ion

Name the ions formed by these elements 1.Li 2.Be 3.B 4.F 5.O 6.N 7.Cl 8.P 9.K 10.Ca 11.Al 12.Se 13.Br 14.Kr

How easy is it to make an ion?  Ionization Energy: The amount of energy required to remove an electron to form a positive (+1) ion.  Increases going UP a group and across a period to the RIGHT.

Ionization Energy Increases

Trends in Ionization Energy  Why?  The smaller the atom, the closer the valence shell is to the nucleus.  The closer the valence shell is held to the nucleus, the harder it is to remove an electron.  Harder to remove = more ionization energy

Atomic Radius Increases

Significance of Chemical Formulas

Connection to Classification of Matter  What do you know about chemical compounds?

How do we