1 EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE CAPABILITIES OF ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND by Tan Pham June 2001 Chief Executive - AC Consulting Group Ltd Chairman - Natural Hazards New Zealand Executive Committee Member - Earthquake Engineering New Zealand

THE NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE SETTING  New Zealand is situated on the boundary of the Pacific and Indo-Australian tectonic plates  In a typical year, about 200 earthquakes are felt in New Zealand and thousands of others are recorded on instruments

>M6.5 New Zealand earthquakes >M shallow deep

New Zealand Shallow Earthquakes

NZEQ Edgecombe 1987 Railway Damage to Railway, Edgecombe Earthquake 1987, North Island, New Zealand

Damage to Transformers, Edgecombe Earthquake 1987, North Island, New Zealand

ENERGY SUPPLY IN NEW ZEALAND  Geothermal  Hydro  Coal  Oil  Gas  Wind  Biomass  Solar

ENERGY SUPPLIERS IN NEW ZEALAND  Power Generation Companies (Private and Government)  Transmission Company (Government)  Lines Businesses (or Distribution Companies) (Private & Government)  Oil Companies (Private)  Gas Companies (Private)  Coal Companies (Private and Government)

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK  The Civil Defence Act Current but will be superseded by  The Civil Defence Emergency Management Bill 2000

THE CIVIL DEFENCE ACT NATIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE PLAN  Government Response  Disaster Recovery  Civil Defence Warning System  Law and Order  Fire Services  Health  Public Information  Welfare  Logistics  Communication  Energy  Training  Interpretation

RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMERGENCY MEASURES IN RELATION TO THE ENERGY SUPPLIERS UNDER THE NATIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE PLAN  Identify hazards and undertake measures to reduce consequences on the assets they manage  Undertake measures to assure the rapid reinstatement of critical supply  Undertake emergency response planning to secure the safety of the public.  Liaise with CDEM (Civil Defence Emergency Management) authorities during emergencies

CIVIL DEFENCE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BILL - DUTIES OF LIFELINE UTILITIES (INCLUDING ENERGY SUPPLIERS) Every lifeline utility must:  function to the fullest possible extent during and after an emergency  make available to the Director of Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) its plan for functioning during and after an emergency.  participate in the development of the National Civil Defence Emergency Management strategy and plans.  provide free of charge any technical advice to any CDEM

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - CURRENT ISSUES IN NEW ZEALAND  Shift focus from “Emergency” to “Management”.  Integrate the post-disaster, response-focused with an holistic, pre-disaster policy of sustainable hazard management, community resilience and risk management (after Britton).  Generally adopt the Risk Management process in AS/NZS 4360: 1999 Risk Management standard.  Address coordination between energy suppliers, local, regional and central governments.  Increase importance of non-governmental, non-utility groups such as the Lifelines Projects and Groups.

CURRENT STATUS OF EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE CAPABILITIES IN NEW ZEALAND  All energy suppliers have Emergency Response Plans to varying degrees in detail.  Most, if not all energy suppliers have taken actions to mitigate the risk of earthquake damage to their assets.  Most actively participate in emergency response planning and studies, notably via the Lifelines Projects and Groups around New Zealand (15 total).  Most electricity companies carry spares for emergencies.  There is no strategic reserve of oil in New Zealand.  Currently, crude oil in NZ has about 1 week of stock. Petrol stock is about 20 days, stored at 12 or so tank terminals around NZ.

KEY ORGANISATIONS (OTHER THAN ENERGY SUPPLIERS) THAT SHAPE THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE OF ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS  Ministry for Emergency Management.  Lifeline Projects and Groups..  EQC (Earthquake Commission)  Members of Earthquake Engineering New Zealand  Members of Natural Hazards New Zealand.  Ministry of Economic Development

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF WORK IN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS Example 1 - Lifelines in Earthquakes - A Wellington Case Study (1991) Methodology:  Establishment seismic hazards and geology (peak ground acceleration, velocity, ground surface deformation, liquefaction, slope movement, tsunami and seiche)  Assessment of vulnerability to damage from hazards (fault movement, ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslide, ground uplift or submergence, ground settlement, tsunami and seiche). Rating from 1 (low) to 3 (high).  Assessment of consequence of failure (immediately after the earthquake, the period following the earthquake, for return to normality).  Identification of mitigation measures (asset management, engineering design and detailing, planning to manage the impacts).  Analysis of interdependence of lifelines.

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF WORK IN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS Example 2 - Transpower’s Emergency Management Master Plans (EMMPs)  Transpower owns and operates the high voltage transmission network in New Zealand.  EMMPs are based on Risk Management principles.  EMMPs include the following plans and procedures: - Emergency plans for the Field Services offices. - Emergency operating procedures. - Restoration following grid faults or demand shedding. - Contingency plans for stations. - Station security. - Transmission line emergency preparedness. - Plans for managing during volcanic eruptions. - Communications for Emergency Management - a schedule of equipment and operating instructions. - IT&T contingency plan for cable FO8 failure.

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF WORK IN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS Example 2 - Transpower’s Emergency Management Master Plans (EMMPs) (Continued) - The Transpower Emergency Contact List. - Activation of the National Civil Defence Emergency Operations Centre. - The role of Liaison Officers and Communications Support Officers. - Wellington Emergency Management Plan. - The Electricity Industry Emergency Contact List. - Plans for rescue and relief from various offices. - The gas contingency plan.

REFERENCES AND ADDRESSES 1.Britton, N R, A New Emergency Management for the New Millenium? Cities on Volcanoes, 2nd International Conference, Auckland, New Zealand February Ministry of Economic Developmentwww.med.co.nz Earthquake Engineering New Zealandwww.earthquakeengineering.com Natural Hazards New Zealandwww.naturalhazards.co.nz Ministry for Emergency Managementwww.mem.govt.nz Earthquake Commissionwww.eqc.co.nz Transpower NZ Ltdwww.transpower.co.nz AC Consulting Groupwww.acconsulting.co.nz Institute of Geological & Nuclear Scienceswww.gns.cri.nz