R Ophiuchi, A Mira- Type Variable Star Vikas Agtey Emily Berryman Caroline Fletcher Linda Gong Aaron McNeely Dan Walsh University of Notre Dame QuarkNet Center Summer, 2013 Advisor: Dr. Dan Karmgard
Astrophysics Group Projects Major projects: – Variable star photometry – Asteroid astrometry (IASC) – General stargazing, telescope use, astrophotography Outreach: Solar observing for Sensing the Cosmos; Observatory visit for iLED Field Trips: Adler Planetarium, Kalamazoo Air Zoo, Joshua Tree Museum
Variable Stars Stars that change brightness over time Project: Measure the brightness (magnitude) of one or more variable stars Collect and submit data to the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO)AAVSO
CCD Photometry Photometry: The measurement of the brightness of stars Use telescope and CCD camera to determine the brightness of variable stars Values estimated in “magnitude”
CCD & Telescope Telescope: Celestron CPC 1100, 11-inch Schmidt- Casssegrain reflector, located at Morrison Observatory, Notre Dame CCD: SBIG ST8-XE Software: – CCDSoft: Take and combine images – MaximDL: Photometry tool to measure stellar magnitudes
+ = Raw images Flat fields Dark fields Image for photometry
Estimating Magnitude For our unknown variable star, we compare its brightness to nearby stars of known magnitude (arrows) contained within the CCD image area Use MaximDL software to perform magnitude measurements Submitted magnitude measurements to AAVSO (observer MMAE)
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AAVSO Screenshot
R Ophiuchi We selected R Ophiuchi, a variable star in the constellation Draco R Ophiuchi is a “Mira-type” or long-peroid variable star Star changes on average from magnitude 7 to 13.8 over a period of 10 months (306.5 days) R Ophiuchi was predicted to peak around June 20 (Sky & Telescope, July 2013)
R Oph Ophiuchus Newsworthy in 2011 [click]click
AAVSO Star Chart
R Ophiuchi Results DateTimeMagnitude*Uncertainty** 6/2112:34 am /291:44 am /1011:28 pm /141:24 am /1811:46 pm *7—13.8 **1/SNR
R Ophiuchi Light Curve
SS Cygni SS Cygni, a well-known variable star in the constellation Cygnus Cataclysmic variable (dwarf nova class) Magnitude 12.2 to 8.3 Outburst every 4-10 weeks, duration of 1-2 weeks Consists of red dwarf and white dwarf in fast orbit (6.5 hours) Newsworthy [click]click
SS Cygni Results DateTimeMagnitude*Uncertainty** 7/1410:06 pm /1811:09 pm *7—13.8 **1/SNR
SS Cygni Light Curve
Barnard’s Star One of the nearest stars to earth (6 LY) Exhibits greatest proper motion of any star Project: Take images of Barnard’s Star each summer, record its proper motion
Barnard’s Star July 2013
Asteroid Astrometry Goal: Measure the position of known asteroids Provide reports of asteroid position to the Minor Planet Center We worked as a group within the International Asteroid Search Collaboration (IASC)IASC
Procedure Obtain CCD images of predicted NEO asteroid positions Stack images, search for moving objects using Astrometrica software Prepare reports in a standard format, submit to Dr. Patrick Miller at IASC
Weather
Clear Sky Charts [click]click
Sensing the Cosmos
L to R: Emily, Vikas, & Linda