ADAMS OPEN & CLOSED LOOP THEORIES COGNITIVE THEORIES ADAMS OPEN & CLOSED LOOP THEORIES

Lesson Objectives WE ARE LEARNING TO... Understand Adams Open & Closed Loop Theories, and how they are implemented in Sport and their drawbacks

Cognitive Theories of Learning These theories stress the importance of what the brain does with the information it receives Motor control involves the adjustment of the body during performance to bring about the desired response

Motor Programmes & Sub Routines Motor programmes (MP) are plans for a whole skill or pattern of movement. They are stored in the long term memory and used to instruct the body how to perform the skill Eg. Tennis Serve Tennis Serve Motor programmes are broken down into sub – routines. These are mini skills that are performed in a particular order Some skills have more clearly defined sub- routines than others. Recovery Ball Toss Contact Back Swing

Student Task Can you come up with three of your own motor programmes and display your subroutines?

Open Loop Theory Motor Action Stimulus Memory Trace Output Input Initiates MP Think of the memory trace as a memory stored in your LTM The motor programme is stored in the LTM The motor programme is triggered by the situation and transferred to the working muscles The Open Loop is termed The memory Trace and is responsible for starting the action Its function is to produce the skill with NO REFERENCE TO FEEDBACK Eg: A rapid golf swing… the movement is so quick that feedback cannot be referenced after the swing has started.

Closed Loop Theory Stimulus Input Memory Trace Initiates MP Perceptual trace Controls Movement Motor Action Output Feedback Closes the Loop Feedback detects errors Involves internal feedback from the body This allows the performer to adjust the movement The closed loop is also known as the Perceptual trace Works most efficiently with skills performed over a long period of time

Student Task Practice throwing a tennis ball into a bin Then put on a blindfold and repeat the exercise After each shot get a partner to tell you how successful you are being in terms of direction and length. They should only provide you with feedback about the shot (KR) NOT what you should correct – that is up to you Can you identify the perceptual and memory trace? How were they developed? How were they used? Can you now interpret what you did in terms of the flow diagram you have just copied?

Potential Drawbacks with the Closed Loop Theory There are some problems associated with the open and closed loop theories If there is an memory trace for every conceivable outcome of a stimuli then storage would be an issue. The mass of information would make recall difficult The theory does not explain spontaneous responses Another theory called attempts to Solve these issues Schema theory

Conclusion Do you.... Understand Adams Open and Closed Loop Theories, how it is implemented in Sport and its drawbacks?