Global 9Name__________________ Unit 4 Notes China Han Dynasty: Restored unity to China after Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi Contributions: paper, wheelbarrow, rudder, and silk manufacturing (made secret) Silk Road: connected China with the Middle East and Rome Great Wall of China: constructed to keep out invading tribes in the North Civil Service: based upon teachings of Confucius, must pass a civil service test to get a government job Dynasty: line of ruling families in China, each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven India Mauryan Empire: Indus River Valley, and most of India, begun by Chandragupta Maurya Pillars of Asoka: Edicts posted around the empire to promote peaceful toleration Contributions: bureaucracy and centralized government Gupta Empire: smaller and more centralized, begun by Chandra Gupta Contributions: flowering of culture and knowledge, especially the concept of zero and the decimal system, medicine and astronomy Classic Civilization: Highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today Greece (cont.) Alexander the Great: Conquered the “then known world” – Egypt, Persia, India Hellenistic Culture: Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture (cultural diffusion) Contributions: “classical” architecture (columns for support, straight lines and basic shapes), Philosophy (science of thinking about difficult and important issues), direct democracy (citizens – free men – decide issues, created in Athens) Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Greece City-States: city and immediate surrounding land; mountainous islands made difficult travel = no centralized government Persian Wars: Greek city-states joined forces to defeat invading Persian Empire, 490 BC victory at Marathon, 480 BC Thermopylae, Delian League unified Greece, Athens took leadership role Pericles: Leader of Athens’ golden age Athens v. Sparta: 2 main city-states; fought during the Peloponnesian Wars BC Type of governmentType of SocietyOther information Athens direct democracy-citizens (free men) vote on all issues educated, intellectual, good relations with other city-states - citizens are men - cultural center Sparta monarchy – 2 kings that make decisions together War-like, community, poor relations with other city-states - little travel or trade - life is hard and cruel

Global 9Name__________________ Unit 4 Notes China Han Dynasty: Contributions: Silk Road: Great Wall of China: Civil Service: Dynasty: India Mauryan Empire: Pillars of Asoka: Contributions: Gupta Empire: Contributions: Classic Civilization: Greece (cont.) Alexander the Great: Hellenistic Culture: Contributions: Philosophers: Greece City-States: Persian Wars: Pericles: Athens v. Sparta: Type of governmentType of SocietyOther information Athens Sparta

Classic Civilizations Rome (cont.) Contributions: Literature: continued Greek drama, poetry, novels Architecture: copied Greek, but added domes and arches to replace columns for support (stronger and more open space) Roads: ability to move armies quickly and facilitate trade Aqueducts: carry fresh water from mountains to the cities Laws: basis for our legal system today, applied to all people in the Empire, Twelve Tables were the written laws Latin language: allowed everyone to communicate with each other, common language of Europe for many years Rome Roman Empire: started as a monarchy (king), republic formed as it grew, then emperors called Caesars took control Location: started between the hills of the city then eventually spread to surround the Mediterranean Sea and united Europe and the Middle East Republic: citizens elect representatives who decide on issues (laws, taxes, etc.) Julius Caesar: Halted a civil war with a Triumvirate, then took sole control as dictator for life in 46 BC, senate assassinated him two years later Augustus: took control as Caesar in 27 BC and began its Golden Age during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) Fall of Rome: too big to manage, taxes too high, corruption, and foreign invasions

Classic Civilizations Rome (cont.) Contributions: Literature: Architecture: Roads: Aqueducts: Laws: Latin language: Rome Roman Empire: Location: Republic: Julius Caesar: Augustus: Fall of Rome:

India Mauryan Empire: Indus River Valley, and most of India, begun by Chandragupta Maurya Pillars of Asoka: Edicts posted around the empire to promote peaceful toleration Contributions: bureaucracy and centralized government Gupta Empire: smaller and more centralized, begun by Chandra Gupta Contributions: flowering of culture and knowledge, especially the concept of zero and the decimal system, medicine and astronomy Classic Civilization: Highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today

China Han Dynasty: Restored unity to China after Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi Contributions: paper, wheelbarrow, rudder, and silk manufacturing (made secret) Silk Road: connected China with the Middle East and Rome Great Wall of China: constructed to keep out invading tribes in the North Civil Service: based upon teachings of Confucius, must pass a civil service test to get a government job Dynasty: line of ruling families in China, each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven

Greece City-States: city and immediate surrounding land; mountainous islands made difficult travel = no centralized government Persian Wars: Greek city-states joined forces to defeat invading Persian Empire, 490 BC victory at Marathon, 480 BC Thermopylae, Delian League unified Greece, Athens took leadership role Pericles: Leader of Athens’ golden age Athens v. Sparta: 2 main city-states; fought during the Peloponnesian Wars BC

Type of government Type of SocietyOther information Athens direct democracy- citizens (free men) vote on all issues educated, intellectual, good relations with other city-states - citizens are men - cultural center Sparta monarchy – 2 kings that make decisions together War-like, community, poor relations with other city-states - little travel or trade - life is hard and cruel

Greece (cont.) Alexander the Great: Conquered the “then known world” – Egypt, Persia, India Hellenistic Culture: Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture (cultural diffusion) Contributions: “classical” architecture (columns for support, straight lines and basic shapes), Philosophy (science of thinking about difficult and important issues), direct democracy (citizens – free men – decide issues, created in Athens) Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Rome Roman Empire: started as a monarchy (king), republic formed as it grew, then emperors called Caesars took control Location: started between the hills of the city then eventually spread to surround the Mediterranean Sea and united Europe and the Middle East Republic: citizens elect representatives who decide on issues (laws, taxes, etc.) Julius Caesar: Halted a civil war with a Triumvirate, then took sole control as dictator for life in 46 BC, senate assassinated him two years later Augustus: took control as Caesar in 27 BC and began its Golden Age during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) Fall of Rome: too big to manage, taxes too high, corruption, and foreign invasions

Rome (cont.) Contributions: Literature: continued Greek drama, poetry, novels Architecture: copied Greek, but added domes and arches to replace columns for support (stronger and more open space) Roads: ability to move armies quickly and facilitate trade Aqueducts: carry fresh water from mountains to the cities Laws: basis for our legal system today, applied to all people in the Empire, Twelve Tables were the written laws Latin language: allowed everyone to communicate with each other, common language of Europe for many years