HOW IS THE ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURED VERTICALLY AND WHY?

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Presentation transcript:

HOW IS THE ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURED VERTICALLY AND WHY?

Surface

8 miles (10km) Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Surface

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE TROPOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Surface

INSOLATION Full EMR Spectrum

Surface INSOLATION Full EMR Spectrum Oxygen (O 2 ) Nitrogen (N 2 )

Surface INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen Most Interceptions (Energy) Fewest Interceptions (Energy)

Surface INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen Most (WARM) Interceptions (Energy) Fewest (COOL) Interceptions (Energy)

Surface INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen WARM COOL REVERSE GRADIENT

Surface INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays WARM COOL REVERSE GRADIENT Ozone (O 3 )

O2O2 O O EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O 2 ) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo- disassociation.

O2O2 O2O2 O O O Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O 2 ), forming ozone (O 3 ) 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O 2 ) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo- disassociation. O3O3

O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O3O3 O O O O Ozone molecules (O 3 ) are large enough to intercept ultra- violet wavelengths. Releasing energy to stratosphere and breaking down ozone into an oxygen molecule (O 2 ) and a free oxygen atom(O). 2. Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O 2 ), forming ozone (O 3 ) 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O 2 ) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo- disassociation.

O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O3O3 O O O O The freed oxygen atom (O) can then recombine with another free atom (O) to make an oxygen molecule (O 2 ), or with an oxygen molecule (O 2 ) to make ozone(O 3 ). 3. Ozone molecules (O 3 ) are large enough to intercept ultra- violet wavelengths. Releasing energy to stratosphere and breaking down ozone into an oxygen molecule (O 2 ) and a free oxygen atom(O). 2. Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O 2 ), forming ozone (O 3 ). 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O 2 ) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo- disassociation.

Surface INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays WARM COOL REVERSE GRADIENT Ultra-violet light collisions with ozones. Most (WARM) Interceptions (Energy) Fewest (COOL) Interceptions (Energy)

Surface INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays WARM COOL REVERSE GRADIENT Ultra-violet light collisions with ozones. WARM COOL REVERSE GRADIENT

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE TROPOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Temperature °C

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE TROPOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Temperature °C

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE TROPOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient Temperature °C

8 miles (10km) 30 miles (50km) 50 miles (80km) 300 miles (500km)? MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE TROPOPAUSE Normal Gradient Normal Gradient Reverse Gradient Reverse Gradient ? Temperature °C