Colonial Indian Relations Bien, Leeland Period 3

General Disadvantages for Indians Upon Colonization Colonists brought disease and thirst for land. European colonists sought to expand westward within the Americas Early settlers posed a serious challenge to the Indian's long- established way of life.

General Advantages for Indians Upon Colonization Benefitted from access to new technology and trade Trade with the European settlers brought knives, axes, weapons, cooking utensils, fish hooks and a host of other goods. Indians who traded initially had significant advantage over rivals tribes who did not.

Major Disputes Between the Indians and Colonists Pequot War King Philips War

Pequot War Causes Preceded by the first Indian uprising against the colonists Occurred in Virginia in 1622 where the Indians killed 347 colonists Some of the colonists killed included missionaries who had just arrived at Jamestown, the first English settlement in the New World. Also provoked by the expansion of Puritan settlements into the Connecticut region

Depiction of the uprising by the Indians at Jamestown in 1622

Pequot War Began in 1637 as an attempt for local Indian tribes to prevent settlement of the Connecticut River region. The Pequot Indians sought to protect the land they had secured for years. The Pequot Indians were primarily located on the Pequot River.

Pequot War Con’t. The Pequot War was fought between the Pequot Indians against the English The English were assisted by several Indians tribes who opposed the Pequots, including the Mohegans. One of the major battles of the war was fought at a site called Mystic and led to the death of approximately 500 Pequots Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony led the Puritan English troops who burned down a Pequot village in this battle.

Defeat of the Pequot The defeat of the Pequot at Mystic turned the tide against the Pequots and broke the tribe's resistance. Most of the tribe was eventually killed or captured and given as slaves to tribes friendly to the English. Colonists enslaved all Pequot survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot."

Depiction of the Pequot Indian’s society prior to the Pequot War in 1637.

View of the Pequot fort following the defeat of the Pequot in the Pequot War.

King Philip’s War Causes The Wampanoags were dependent upon English manufactured goods which resulted in further resentment and tension between the two groups. In 1675, three tribal members were tried and executed by the English for the murder of a converted Wampanoag. This led to more than a year of hostilities.

King Philip’s War Fought between the Wampanoag Indians with help from the Narragansett against the English settlers. The Wampanoag were led by their chief Massasoit and the tribe occupied the lands from the eastern side of Narragansett Bay to Cape Cod. Following Massasoit his son Metacom came to lead the tribe and was later known to his people as King Philip.

King Philip’s War Con’t. In June 1675, the Wampanoag attacked a series of settlements and killed dozens of colonial men, women, and children, beginning the war. English forces retaliated by destroying native villages and slaughtering the inhabitants. The Wampanoag were defeated shortly after with the death of their chief Philip. The colonists ultimately prevailed in the King Philip`s War.

Iroquois Confederacy  Also called the Iroquois League or the Five Nations were a group of five Indian tribes that inhabited upper New York state during the 17th and 18th centuries. The five Iroquois nations, characterizing themselves as “the people of the longhouse,” were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

Iroquois During the Seven Years War Unlike most other Indians during the Seven Years War the Iroquois aligned themselves with the British. Generally fared better in the years following the conclusion of the war. Years after the war the Iroquois began to quickly unravel and lose their power as a tribe.

Works Cited "United States History - Colonial-Indian Relations." United States History - Colonial- Indian Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014. "The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1637 The Pequot War." The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1637 The Pequot War. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2014. "King Philip`s War." King Philip`s War. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2014.