CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER SEVEN Higher-Order Cognitive Functions.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Aging and Intelligence
Advertisements

Mental Abilities Intelligence (PS) Information processing approach 1. Psychometric approach 3. Triarchal approach 5. Ecological approach Intelligence.
Chapter 10: Young and Middle Adulthood
Chapter 8 – Intelligence
CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER SEVEN Intelligence. The Big Bang Theory “Who’s Smarter, Sheldon or Leonard?”
1 Chapter 7 Assessment of Intelligence. 2 Defining and Purpose of Intelligence Testing Type of aptitude test that measures a range of intellectual ability.
Everything you ever wanted to know about Intelligence, but were afraid to ask! Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
Unit 6: Testing & Individual Differences
Controversy 3 Does Intellectual Functioning Decline With Age?
INTELLIGENCE, CREATIVITY & WISDOM 1. 2 INTELLIGENCE Intelligence is derived from Latin word that mean “to choose between” and “to make wise choices”.
Cognitive Processes in Adulthood. Perspectives Organismic: Piaget Organismic: Piaget –formal operations: abstractions –Post-formal operations Problem.
Slide 1 © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT 8 A Topical Approach to John W. Santrock Intelligence.
Slide 1 © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT 7 A Topical Approach to John W. Santrock Information Processing.
Cognitive Processes PSY 334 Chapter 13 – Individual Differences in Cognition June 6, 2003.
Cognitive Processes PSY 334 Chapter 13 – Individual Differences in Cognition August 28, 2003.
Validity Validity – A property exhibited by a test that measures what it purports to measure. Face Validity – Measures whether a test looks like it tests.
Intelligence A.P. Psych Information adapted from:
Intelligence Definitions: –Terman (1921): ability to carry on abstract thought –Binet (1905): collection of faculties: judgment, practical sense, initiative,
Intelligence. Evolution of the Concept of Intelligence Chinese tests for civil service. Chinese tests for civil service. Galton (mid 1800s)—speed of sensory.
Skills Approach Chapter 3.
T/F Only humans can use insight to solve problems. T/F Crying is an early form of language. T/F “Street smarts” are a sign of intelligence. T/F Creative.
Chapter 9 Adulthood. When Does Adulthood Begin? Role Transition to… Completing education Full-time employment Independent household Marriage/serious relationship.
IQ Percentage of group
Chapter 9 Intelligence and Creativity. Chapter 9 – Intelligence and Creativity What is intelligence? –Adaptive thinking or actions (Piaget) –Ability to.
INTELLIGENCE  What is it? Difficult to define.  Associated with problem-solving ability, speed of processing, large number of items in working memory,
Intelligence/Problem-Solving Lecture 6 October 17, 2007.
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Intelligence and Creativity.
Unit 11. * intelligence: * aggregate or global capacity * to act purposefully * to think rationally * to deal effectively with the environment * fluid.
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved. Chapter 7: Middle.
Intelligence (Chapter 9, p ) Lecture Outline : History of intelligence IQ and normal distributions Measurement and Theory.
Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 7e © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 8 Assessment Intelligence.
INTELLIGENCE Chapter 8. What is Intelligence? Typical Definitions 1.mental abilities needed to select, adapt to, and shape environments 2. abilities to:
INTELLIGENCE  What is it? Difficult to define.  Associated with problem-solving ability, speed of processing, large number of items in working memory,
Intelligence intelligence: usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquired knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, and/or adapt.
Intelligence Chapter 7. Intelligence  The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment.  Not necessarily,
Intelligence CHAPTER 16 LESSONS 16.1 Measuring Intelligence
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved. Chapter 17- part.
Psychological Theories on Intelligence
Intelligence. Intelligence Tests and Testing Intelligence tests measure innate intelligence. Intelligence tests measure capacity or potential. IQ’s are.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Unit 11: Intelligence (Cognition)
Intelligence testing. What is Intelligence? Intelligence is a construct (i.e, concrete observational entities), not a concrete object. Intelligence is.
CHAPTER 9 INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY
Intelligence Chapter 11; Pages
INTELLIGENCE. Intelligence Intelligence involves the application of cognitive skills and knowledge to: –Learn –Solve problems –Obtain ends valued by the.
INTELLIGENCE AND TESTING Unit 11. Intelligence ■Capacity to acquire knowledge, reason effectively, and adapt to one’s surroundings by using inherited.
Culture and the Individual Intelligence. Psychological Approaches: Intelligence Spearman’s General Intelligence “g” = positively intercorrelated set of.
Cognitive DevelopmentMemory Does intelligence decline in middle adulthood?
IntelligenceMemory Intelligence True or False? Researchers no longer see cognitive abilities of older people as inevitably declining.
+ Intelligence 1. + Intelligence What is Intelligence?  Is Intelligence One General Ability or Several Specific Abilities?  Emotional Intelligence 
Intelligence A concept, not a “thing.” Intelligence – Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge.
Types of Intelligence (Cattell,1963)
Intelligence Intelligence, the ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to new situations Intelligence is important.
OA 1 What is Intelligence? (you can provide examples for your answer)
Gardener: Multiple Intelligences By: Laura & Kristin
Intelligence and Intelligence Testing
Unit 6: Testing & Individual Differences
Intelligence Intro Who is the most intelligent person that you know (alive, dead, historical, etc)? Identify some characteristics of people that you consider.
ECE 353 EXPERT Lessons in Excellence- -ece353expert.com.
ECE 353 PAPERS Lessons in Excellence- -ece353papers.com.
ECE 353 PAPERS Education for Service- - ece353papers.com.
Intelligence 9.1: What is Intelligence?.
Ch.9 Sect.1: What is Intelligence?
Early Theories of Intelligence
INTELLIGENCE, CREATIVITY & WISDOM
PSYC 2314 Lifespan Development
UNIT-IV BA- II SEM By: Dr DIVYA MONGA
Culture and the Individual
Psychology Chapter 9:Inelligence Section 1: What is Intelligence
Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER SEVEN Higher-Order Cognitive Functions

Describe an Intelligent Person Form a group consisting of 3 or 4 students. Imagine your group is looking for one more member who will give your group the best chance at winning an intelligence competition. Create a list of the characteristics you are looking for in your new member.

Intelligence Test: Build a bridge over the creek with the materials provided

Intelligence Test: Make a profit at the PCC flea market

Intelligence Test: Survive 3 days in the desert

Intelligence An individual’s mental ability Traditional g or general factor (Spearman, 1904): the ability to infer and apply relationships on the basis of experience

Fluid-crystallized theory (Cattel & Horn, 1960s): Fluid Reasoning includes: –flexible and adaptive thinking –ability to draw inferences –ability to see relationships between concepts Crystallized Intelligence includes: –knowledge acquired through life experience –education in a particular culture the view that intelligence is divided into two factors:

Defining Intelligence A Life-Span View of Intelligence includes four concepts: 1. Multidimensionality: There are many domains of intellectual abilities

Defining Intelligence 2. Multidirectionality: Abilities change over life span, but the pattern of change depends on each ability

Defining Intelligence 3.Plasticity: The ability to modify cognitive functioning and skills over time -Reserve capacity: abilities that are there to be used but are currently untapped 4. Interindividual variability: Adults differ in the direction of their intellectual development

Research Approaches to Intelligence The psychometric approach –Measuring intelligence as a score on a standardized test Focus is on getting correct answers on math + verbal + visuospatial questions The cognitive-structural approach –Ways in which people conceptualize and solve problems emphasizing developmental changes in modes and styles of thinking

A Cognitive-Structural Approach to Intelligence Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences includes: –traditional abilities – math verbal visuospatial –nontraditional abilities kinesthetic music nature interpersonal intrapersonal (self smarts)

Psychometric Measurement of Intelligence Primary mental abilities - intellectual abilities that are focused on in the psychometric approach: –Numerical facility—basic math skills and reasoning –Word fluency—production of verbal descriptions –Verbal Meanings—vocabulary –Inductive reasoning—extrapolating from facts to general concepts –Spatial orientation—ability to reason 3-dimensionally –Perceptual Speed—rapid visual processing –Verbal memory—ability to recall language

Age-Related Changes in Primary Abilities Data from Schaie’s Seattle Longitudinal Study of more than 5,000 individuals from 1956 to 1998 in six testing cycles: –People tend to improve on primary abilities until late 30s or early 40s. –Scores stabilize until mid-50s and early 60s. –By late 60s consistent declines are seen. –Nearly everyone shows a decline in one ability, but few show decline on four or five abilities.

Moderators of Intellectual Change Information processing –Perceptual speed may account for age-related decline. –Working memory decline may account for poor performance of older adults if coordination between old and new information is required. Health –A connection between disease and intelligence has been established in general and for cardiovascular disease in particular.

Moderators of Intellectual Change Social and lifestyle variables –Slower rates in intellectual decline are related to: Gaining skills needed in different occupations Higher education and socioeconomic status A cognitively engaging lifestyle Personality –High levels of fluid abilities and a high sense of internal control lead to positive changes in people’s perception of their abilities.

Age-related changes Elderspeak Further declines Appearance and physical changes that lead young to treat person as “old” Infantilizing and patronizing speech (“honey,” “dear,” “cute”) Lack of stimulation from being treated as dependent child Communication Predicament Model Social elements of language involve the Communication Predicament Model

Neuropsychological Assessment Involves administering several standardized cognitive tests: –tailored to the client –gather information about a client’s brain functioning Trail Making Test (“Trails”) –Assesses executive functions, or frontal lobe functioning: attention scanning visual stimuli following sequence of numbers

Training studies Project ADEPT and Project ACTIVE –Seven year follow-up to the original Project ADEPT showed significant training effects. 64% of trained group’s performance was above the pre- training level compared to 33% of the control group. –Project ACTIVE training slows declines and has reversed 14-year declines in some abilities

Going Beyond Piaget Postformal Thought—cognition that is characterized by dialectical thinking : –truth varies from situation to situation –solutions must be realistic to be reasonable –ambiguity and contradiction are the rule rather than the exception –emotion and subjective factors usually play a role in thinking –understanding is negotiated give and take –interest in engaging in dialogues

Wisdom Involves practical knowledge Is given altruistically Involves psychological insights Based on life experience Implicit conceptions of wisdom are widely shared within a culture and include: –Exceptional level of functioning –A dynamic balance between intellect, emotion, and motivation –A high degree of personal and interpersonal competence –Good intentions

Pragmatics of Intelligence Wise people are experts who are able to apply their abilities to the solution of real-life problems.