Gerund or Infinitive

Gerundsing Gerunds are defined as the –ing form of a verb. They have several functions. 1. Used as subjects and complements Skiing Skiing is my favorite sport. Smoking Smoking can be very dangerous. Seeing Seeing is believing.

2. Used as objects following prepositions and prepositional expressions for tending Thanks for tending my children. of typing The job consists of typing, filing, and answering the phone. 3. Used as objects following certain verbs. enjoyed The children enjoyed watching the parade. Ms. Terrell avoided paying her taxes until it was too late.

of Roland is afraid of making mistakes. considering Sandy is considering leaving New York.

These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.: admitadviseappreciateavoid can’t helpconsiderdenydiscuss dislikeenjoyfinishforget gokeeplikelove

mindmisspostponeprefer quitrecommendregretremember resistriskstartstop suggestthreatentry understand These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.:

In the nineteenth century, people used to _____ (ride) horses. ride

I am really looking forward to _____ (play) in the tournament. playing

Billy isn't used to _____ (eat) spicy food. eating

Kathy is interested in _____ (learn) about her family tree. learning

Mrs. Latham doesn't object to _____ (work) overtime. working

Always double check your equipment before _____ (go) on a camping trip. going

"You can't stop me from _____ (go) with you," he said. going

This product is very good for _____ (get) rid of ants. getting

Why did you leave without _____ (tell) me? telling

I can't afford _____ (take) a vacation this year. to take

He won first contest by _____ (practice) several hours a day. practicing

Mr. and Mrs. Houghton decided to remodel their kitchen instead of _____ (go) to Hawaii this year. going

Have you ever considered ____ (become) a simultaneous interpreter? becoming

How did you manage _____ (finish) so fast? to finish

The executive denied _____ (write) the memo. writing

Some people just can't help _____ (be) rude. being

I really enjoy _____ (go) out for dinner. going

He refused _____ (provide) the commission with the documents. to provide

I didn't intend _____ (upset) you; I was just trying to help. to upset

I offered _____ (help) with the party. to help

The young man admitted _____ (hack) into the school's computer. hacking

You should avoid _____ (eat) immediately after exercising. eating

I didn't intend _____ (upset) you; I was just trying to help. to upset

She said she was worried about living alone, so I suggested _____ (get) a dog. getting

I miss _____ (hang) out with all my old friends. hanging

She hopes ______ (pursue) a career in advertising after graduation. to pursue

I just finished _____(work) on my thesis, and I'm dog-tired. working

Competition is fierce, and we can't afford ______ (make) a mistake. to make

He kept _____ (talk) about how great he was, but nobody paid any attention. talking

Do you mind _____ (watch) the kids while I go to the store? watching

To prevent _____ (lose) data, be sure to back up your work. losing

When questioned by police, the thief admitted to _____ (steal) the diamonds. stealing

My French teacher advised against _______ (translate) the reading. translating

I feel like ________ (get) something to eat. Do you want to come? getting

What do you plan on _____ (do) after you graduate? doing

I apologize for not _____ (tell) you sooner. telling

When I was a kid, I used to dream about _____ (take) trips to exotic places. taking

Prof. Boudreau doesn't object to our _____ (use) a dictionary in his French literature class. using

I insisted on _____ (speak) to the manager about the defective item. speaking

Did you succeed in _____ (fix) your car? fixing

In addition to ________ (strengthen) your heart, toning muscle, and helping maintain your ideal weight, exercise may strengthen your immunity against some colds and viral infections. strengthening

I object to _____ (be) forced by politicians to change the way I live. being

I look forward _____ (meet) your friend. to meeting

She is responsible ______ (implement) new policy. for implementing

Why do I insist ______ (have) my own business? on having

She has taken part ______ (create) this system. in creating

I hope that you appreciate ______ (I / offer) you this opportunity. my offering

I have difficulty ______ (trust) my partner. in trusting

She was arrested in customs last night and has been charged _______ (smuggle). with smuggling

They had to ________ (account) all the money that had gone missing. account for

Jane is good ______ (play) the piano. at playing

Men and women around the world get accustomed ______ (be) overweight. to being

I don't approve _______ (smoke) in restaurants because it is so upsetting usually for non-smokers. of smoking

The publicity campaign was aimed _________ (improve) the eating habits of children. at improving

It was a campaign that focused __________ (invest) in better hospitals, schools and roads. on investing

They admitted ______ (commit) the crime. to committing

They admitted ______ (commit) the crime. to committing

They prevented us _______ (win). from winning

They prevented us _______ (win). from winning

Ireland doesn't allow _______ (smoke) in bars. smoking

Ireland doesn't allow people _______ (smoke) in bars. to smoke

California doesn't permit ______ (fish) without a fishing license. fishing

California doesn't permit people ______ (fish) without a fishing license. to fish

The certificate requires _______ (complete) two courses. completing

The certificate requires students _________ (complete) two courses. to complete

She is addicted ______ (watch) TV. to watching

I am bored _____ (do) the same old job. of doing

She is committed ________ (improve) her English. to improving

The organization is dedicated _______ (end) poverty. to ending

The money will be devoted ________ (protect) the environment. to protecting

He was discouraged _____ (not / get) the job. by not getting

She is frightened ______ (be) alone at night. of being

The banker was guilty ________ (steal) money. of stealing

She was known _______ (cause) problems. for causing

They are opposed ________ (build) a new road in the park. to building

The surfer is terrified ______ (be) attacked by a shark. of being

The delay _______ (process) the visa caused problems. in processing

His devotion ______ (bike) allowed him to win the competition. to biking

His habit _________ (smoke) in restaurants caused many problems in California. of smoking

Their memories ______ (travel) in Africa will stay with them forever. of traveling

I think his preference ________ (speak) his native language is natural. for speaking

The main reason ______ (take) the course is to improve your language skills. for taking

The criminal's regret _______ (commit) the crime did not convince the judge. for committing

The magazine's report _______ choose the right car was not well researched. on choosing

Her reputation ______ (lie) is well known. for lying

I don't know if I believe his story _______ (see) a UFO. about seeing