Causes, Effects and Responses to the 1998 Floods in Bangladesh. By: Christina McConney MYP1

What are the Physical Causes of Flooding Source: http://www.ifrc.org/what/disasters/images/about/p16204.jpg The water is able to spread easily due to the fact that Bangladesh is mainly a flat country with 70% of its land being less than 1 meter above sea level and 80% being a flood plain. This topography results in the water being able to spread across large areas of land.

This map shows why the water spreads so far into the country This map shows why the water spreads so far into the country. It is because so much of the land is so close to sea level. Source: http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/e/ef/Bangladesh_Sea_Level_Risks.png/300px-Bangladesh_Sea_Level_Risks.png Washout: the topography clearly shows why Bangladesh floods so regularly

What are the Human Causes of Flooding The increase in population in Bangladesh is one of the human causes of flooding. This increase in population means that more water wells have been dug in the earth and has weaken the soil. This means that the land floods more often. This graph shows how fast and how much the population grew between 1960 and 2000. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh

Another impact of the population growth has been the large amount effects of deforestation at the foothills of the Himalayas. The picture above shows how the water level rises when there are less trees. The trees that used to hold back the water have been cut down Source: http://science.jrank.org/article_images/science.jrank.org/deforestation-and-landscape.1.jpg http://www.alphabetics.info/international/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/deforestation.gif

Another human impact is the amount of construction. In this picture taken of the 2004 floods, you can see that the large amount of high buildings constructed so close together does not allow the water to spread and as a result it can only rise up. Source: http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/images/BangladeshFlood2004.jpg

Primary effects 1,070 people died because they drowned or they caught infectious diseases. 70% of the country was flooded People were being bitten by snakes because both humans and snakes looked for the same safe dwelling place. Crops and animals were dying which left the people with little food. 2 thirds of Dhaka (the capital city) was flooded 30 million people were left homeless Communications became difficult Source: http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/rio_conventions_calendar/2005/image/pjpeg/rio_calendar2005_intro.jpg

30 million people were left homeless after the floods Source: http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40425000/jpg/_40425043_floodsbody_afp.jpg People were being bitten by snakes. Source: http://brucekekule.com/wp-content/gallery/the-west/king-cobra1-w.jpg

Secondary effects Lack of basic medical care 175 000 cases of serious diarrhoea Major food shortage No safe drinking water. Water supplies were contaminated by dead bodies of humans and animals. This spread diseases like Cholera and Typhoid. Little to no safe dwelling place. Snakebites Decrease in manufacturing Difficult communication

Shopping became very difficult, almost impossible. The picture on the left is an example of poisoning. This is the after effect of walking around in contaminated water for so long.This particular type is called arsenic poisoning Source: http://chandrashekharasandprints.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/poisoning-bangladesh/ Shopping became very difficult, almost impossible. Source: http://www.all-creatures.org/hope/gw/2004-09-13_Bangladesh_flood.jpg

There were major food shortages through out the flooded areas. Source: http://access.nscpcdn.com/gallery/i/f/floods/lg5.jpg 175 000 cases of serious diarrhoea broke out and affected children the most. Source: http://pakistanisforpeace.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/shahid-khan-flood-victim.jpg

Positive effects to flooding Along the way, the flood water picks up soil which it then spreads over the crops when it floods. This soil is rich in important nutrients which are needed for the people to grow their crops. The deposit of silt has also provided the people with more land to live on. The floods provided more land to live on. Source: http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Projects2010/Abena_Dickson/genderinequality%20(3).jpg

Longer term responses Millions of people were poisoned by Arsenic found in the contaminated flood waters. Eight million bore wells were dug and the sub soil water being pumped out showed to be the real culprit of Arsenic poisoning. UNESCO and WHO, learned about this poisoning and, decided to build fresh water wells so that the people won’t have to drink contaminated water. They were able to provide fresh drinking water to at least 80% of the people living there. The Bangladesh government was given £ 21 million by the UK government to help repair the damage from the flood. Water purification tablets were brought in by WHO ( world health organisation)

Fresh water wells were built. Source: http://www.globalenvision.org/files/bangladesh%20water%20well.jpg

Immediate responses International food aid programs were set up through out the flooded areas in Bangladesh. The government distributed free seeds to farmers to try and reduce the impact of food shortages. The government also gave 350,000 tones of cereal to feed the people that were affected. Volunteers and aid workers, worked to try and repair the damage that was caused by the flood. Water purification tablets were brought in by WHO ( world health organisation) after having enough money to get them.

Water purification tablets were brought in to help the affected people. Source: http://www.pplmotorhomes.com/parts/rv-pumps-water/drinking-water-purification-tablets.jpg Shelters were made. Source: http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/2007/shelter_bangladesh.jpg

Long term responses Long term responses Difficulties Flood protection shelters for people and animals were raised above the ground. Flood embankments were built along the river to prevent the water from spreading They don’t always work and the might break over time Upstream dams were proposed The cost for construction was very high Reduce deforestation in head water areas Making emergency flood warning systems to give warnings and sufficient rescue and relief services

Bibliography Picture on slide 2: http://www.ifrc.org/what/disasters/images/about/p16204.jpg Map on slide 3: http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/e/ef/Bangladesh_Sea_Level_Risks.png/300px-Bangladesh_Sea_Level_Risks.png Graph on slide 4: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh Diagram on slide 5: http://science.jrank.org/article_images/science.jrank.org/deforestation-and-landscape.1.jpg Picture on slide 5: http://www.alphabetics.info/international/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/deforestation.gif Picture on slide 6: http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/images/BangladeshFlood2004.jpg Picture on slide 7: http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/rio_conventions_calendar/2005/image/pjpeg/rio_calendar2005_intro.jpg Picture on slide 8: http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40425000/jpg/_40425043_floodsbody_afp.jpg Picture on slide 8: http://brucekekule.com/wp-content/gallery/the-west/king-cobra1-w.jpg

Bibliography Picture on slide 9: http://chandrashekharasandprints.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/poisoning-bangladesh/ Picture on slide 9: Picture: http://www.all-creatures.org/hope/gw/2004-09-13_Bangladesh_flood.jpg Picture on slide 11: http://access.nscpcdn.com/gallery/i/f/floods/lg5.jpg Picture on slide 11: http://pakistanisforpeace.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/shahid-khan-flood-victim.jpg Picture on slide 12: http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Projects2010/Abena_Dickson/genderinequality%20(3).jpg Picture on slide 14: http://www.globalenvision.org/files/bangladesh%20water%20well.jpg Picture on slide 16: http://www.pplmotorhomes.com/parts/rv-pumps-water/drinking-water-purification-tablets.jpg Picture on slide 16: http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/2007/shelter_bangladesh.jpg

Bibliography http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.com/2006/12/flooding-in-ledc-1998-floods-in.html http://hubpages.com/hub/Bangladesh-Floods-1998 http://www.slideshare.net/cheergalsal/flooding-in-bangladesh http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes/GCSE/Case%20Studies/Case%20Study.%20Flooding%20in%20Bangladesh.htm