What Is the Difference Between First- and Third-Person Narration? Feature Menu Introduction Autobiography and First-Person Point of View Biography and Third-Person Point of View Shifting Points of View Your Turn

Introduction Who is speaking? That is one of the first questions you should ask when you read.

Introduction Nonfiction writers often tell their own life stories, but they also frequently describe the lives of others. Autobiography An account of a person’s own life Biography An account of another person’s life 3

Introduction When you read nonfiction, it’s important to identify the speaker, or narrator recognize different types of narration 4

Autobiography and First-Person Point of View The most personal kind of nonfiction writing is autobiography. An autobiography is a writer’s account of his or her own life. auto- + -bio- + -graphy “self” “life” “writing”

Autobiography and First-Person Point of View First-Person Narration An autobiography is written from the first-person point of view. The writer uses first-person pronouns: us we our me my mine I 6

Autobiography and First-Person Point of View Here is an example of the first-person point of view in an autobiography. I was eleven years old when I visited a big city for the first time. Everything amazed me: the crowds, the traffic, the excitement. What impressed me most was the sight of a man washing windows near the top of a skyscraper. I couldn’t believe how calm he looked while hanging in midair. I decided right then that when I was old enough, I’d learn how to do that job.

Autobiography and First-Person Point of View Quick Check What words in this paragraph tell you it is written from the first-person point of view? I didn’t know anything about my heritage until I was almost ten years old. Then my cousins from Armenia came to visit our family in Fresno for two weeks. What a wild experience that was! Fortunately, they spoke English very well. They told us fascinating stories about the village where our great-grandparents lived. [End of Section]

Autobiography and First-Person Point of View Quick Check What words in this paragraph tell you it is written from the first-person point of view? I didn’t know anything about my heritage until I was almost ten years old. Then my cousins from Armenia came to visit our family in Fresno for two weeks. What a wild experience that was! Fortunately, they spoke English very well. They told us fascinating stories about the village where our great-grandparents lived. I my I my our us our

Biography and Third-Person Point of View A biography is a person’s life story written by another person. Biographers spend a lot of time—sometimes many years—learning as much as they can about their subjects. Subject: Harriet Tubman Author: Sarah Bradford Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People

Biography and Third-Person Point of View A biographer may collect information from many different sources. Firsthand Accounts Secondhand Accounts interviews letters diaries newspaper and magazine articles historical accounts

Biography and Third-Person Point of View If the person lived long ago, the biographer reads historical accounts of the time. These sources help the writer understand the world in which the subject lived.

Biography and Third-Person Point of View If the subject is still living, the biographer may interview him or her. If the person died in the recent past, the writer often can find and interview people who knew the person. 13

Biography and Third-Person Point of View Third-Person Narration Biographers do not write as “I” because they are not the subject of the life story. Instead, they write from the third-person point of view. he They use third-person pronouns such as his she her they their them 14

Biography and Third-Person Point of View Here is an example of third-person narration in a biography. The famous writer William Saroyan was born in Fresno, California, in 1908. His parents, who were Armenian immigrants, struggled to support their four children. William’s father died young, and William and his siblings spent several years in an orphanage. William left school early but continued to educate himself at Fresno’s public library. Smart and talented, he knew by age twelve that he wanted to be a writer. 15

Biography and Third-Person Point of View No book is large enough to tell everything about a person’s life. A biographer must decide what to include—and what to leave out. The biographer chooses events that reveal something important about the person.

Biography and Third-Person Point of View When you read a biography, think about what details are included what they tell you about the subject 17

Biography and Third-Person Point of View Quick Check What important details does the writer give? What do they tell you about the subject? Success was slow in coming to William Saroyan. Despite many rejections, he kept writing his unique stories and sending them to magazines. Finally, in 1933, Story magazine published his story “The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze.” Saroyan then boldly wrote to the editors to tell them that he would send one new story a day for a whole month. He did—and many were later published. [End of Section]

Biography and Third-Person Point of View Quick Check What important details does the writer give? What do they tell you about the subject? Success was slow in coming to William Saroyan. Despite many rejections, he kept writing his unique stories and sending them to magazines. Finally, in 1933, Story magazine published his story “The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze.” Saroyan then boldly wrote to the editors to tell them that he would send one new story a day for a whole month. He did—and many were later published. The details show that Saroyan never gave up trying to succeed as a writer. Eventually, his persistence paid off.

Shifting Points of View In both autobiographies and biographies, writers may change the point of view from which they record events. First-Person Point of View Allie was my best friend in middle school. We spent hours playing kickball in my backyard, studying together, and sharing secrets. Third-Person Point of View When her mother got sick, Allie had to take over many of the household chores. Amazingly, she still got straight A’s that year.

Shifting Points of View Quick Check I heard the following South African folk tale when I was a child. One day, a jackal and a hyena took turns jumping up onto clouds and eating them. When the jackal had to come down to earth, the hyena caught him. When the hyena needed help, however, the jackal played a mean trick. At what point in this passage does the point of view change? [End of Section]

Shifting Points of View Quick Check I heard the following South African folk tale when I was a child. One day, a jackal and a hyena took turns jumping up onto clouds and eating them. When the jackal had to come down to earth, the hyena caught him. When the hyena needed help, however, the jackal played a mean trick. At what point in this passage does the point of view change? The point of view changes from first person to third person at the start of the second sentence.

Analyze Elements of Nonfiction Your Turn Explain the difference between an autobiography and a biography. Choose an event from your life, and write about it using first-person narration. Write about the same event using third-person narration. How are your two accounts different? How are they the same?

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