BVN BVN TM PEV1 – Pressure vessels and piping equipment Head Office – Department Technology Equipment - V0 – November 2009

CONTENT 1 – Objectives 2 – Pressure vessels 3 - Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels 4 – Piping equipment 4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

1 – Objectives

4 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Pressure vessels – Objectives To be familiar with Classification Rules regarding pressure vessels and piping equipment Study of Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels and piping equipment

2 – Pressure vessels

6 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Pressure vessels FIRED PRESSURE VESSELS (Boilers and thermal heaters) UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS RESERVOIRS HEAT EXCHANGERS STEAM GENERATORS PRESSURE VESSELS WITH Maximum Allowable Pressure GREATER THAN 0.5bar BUREAU VERITAS Rules for Classification

7 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Pressure vessels STEAM GENERATORS Volume Type of fluid Phase of fluid / Liquid of gaseous Design Pressure Design Temperature Heating Surface/Maximum Steam Output SCANTLINGS MATERIALS PROPERTIES CONTENTION AND RELEASE SHAPE RESERVOIRS & HEAT EXCHANGERS Toxic Corrosive Type of Substance

8 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Pressure vessels

9 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Pressure vessels Opening reinforcements

10 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Typical pressure vessels Air receivers

11 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Typical pressure vessels Shell & tubes heat exchanger 1 – Shell 2 – Header 3 – Cooling fluid 4 – Cover seal 5 – Separation plate (for two pass arrangement) 6 – Header cover 7 – Tube plate 8 – Gaskets 9 – Hot fluid (to be cooled) 10 – Baffle 11 – Tube bundle 12 – Shell branches 13 – Elastomer seals

12 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Typical pressure vessels Plate heat exchangers

4 – Classification Rules requirements for Pressure vessels

14 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

15 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels Study of Classification Rules requirements Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements : Part C Ch 1 Sec 3 articles 4 and 7

16 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels Some definitions

17 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels Classification Rules requirements depend on the class (design review, certification of materials and components, NDE, testing, need for production samples, scope of individual certification)

18 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

19 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

20 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels Typical characteristics of a pressure vessel

21 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels Typical tasks for survey of a pressure vessel : - Check availability of reviewed drawings (as per type approval as relevant) - Check materials and components certificates, as relevant - Check Welding Procedure Specification and Welding Procedure Qualification Records - Check welders certificates - Check non-destructive testing operators certification - Witness hydraulic pressure testing - General visual examination

3 – Piping equipment

3.1 – Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

24 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Cocks and Valves Cocks and valves are used to control or interrupt the flow of a number of fluids at various, often varying, pressures and temperatures Valves can be categorised according to : the fluid flow (full way valve like gate valve or butterfly valve, throttle valve like globe valve) the flange configuration (in-line or angle) the function (flow diversion, dump, relief, safety)

25 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Cock Closing by rotating the plug

26 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Ball valve Closing by rotating the ball

27 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Gate valve Closing by interposing a flat or tapered element (gate or wedge) transversely accross the axis of the opening

28 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Butterfly valve Consists of a disc pivoted across the bore of a ring body

29 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Globe valve Closing by pressing a disc or plug axially against the opening In-line valve Angle valve

30 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Non-return or check valve Allows the flow in one direction only

31 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves Relief valve

3.2 – Piping equipment - Pumps

33 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Pump A pump is a device which adds to the energy of a liquid or gas causing an increase in its pressure and perhaps a movement of the fluid Marine pumps fall into two broad classes : Displacement (self priming) The liquid or gas is displaced from the suction to the discharge by the mechanical variation of the volume of a chamber or chambers, with two subcategories : Reciprocating pumps Rotary pumps Centrifugal (must be primed) Flow through the pump is induced by the centrifugal force imparted to the liquid by the rotation of an impeller or impellers

34 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump Operation During the suction stroke, the piston moves to the left, causing the check valve in the suction line between the reservoir and the pump cylinder to open and admit water from the reservoir. During the discharge stroke, the piston moves to the right, seating the check valve in the suction line and opening the check valve in the discharge line. Reciprocating pump

35 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Rotary pump Rotary pumps operate on the principle that a rotating vane, screw, or gear traps the liquid in the suction side of the pump casing and forces it to the discharge side of the casing These pumps are self priming due to their capability of removing air from the suction lines and producing a high suction lift.

36 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Rotary pump – Gear type

37 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Rotary pump – Screw type

38 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Pumps Centrifugal pump A centrifugal pump works on the principle of conversion of the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid (velocity pressure) into static pressure. The rotation of the pump impeller accelerates the fluid as it passes from the impeller eye (centre) and outward through the impeller vanes to the periphery.

3.3 – Piping equipment - Compressors

40 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Compressor There are 4 basic types of air compressors found in marine applications: 1. Reciprocating or piston compressors 2. Rotary screw compressors 3. Sliding vane compressors 4. Centrifugal compressors

41 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Positive displacement air compressors work by filling an air chamber with air and then reducing the chamber’s volume Reciprocating or piston compressors are the most common machines They are positive displacement compressors and can be found in ranges from fractional to very high horsepower Reciprocating compressors

42 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Reciprocating compressors work in a very similar manner as does as internal combustion engine but basically in a reverse process They have cylinders, pistons, crankshafts, valves and housing blocks Reciprocating compressors

43 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Rotary Screw Compressors work on the principle of air filling the void between two helical mated screws and their housing. As the two helical screws are turned, the volume is reduced resulting in an increase of air pressure Most rotary screw compressors inject oil into the bearing and compression area The reasons are for cooling, lubrication and creating a seal between screws and the housing wall to reduce internal leakage. Rotary screw compressors

44 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system. Rotary screw compressors

45 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Rotary Sliding Vane Compressors are positive displacement compressors. The compressor pump consists of a rotor, stator, and 8 blades. The slotted rotor is eccentrically arranged within the stator providing a crescent shaped swept area between the intake and exhaust ports. Oil is injected into the air intake and along the stator walls to cool the air, lubricate the bearings and vanes, and provide a seal between the vanes and the stator wall. Rotary sliding vane compressors

46 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system As the rotor turns a single revolution, compression is achieved as the volume goes from a maximum at the intake ports to a minimum at the exhaust port. The vanes are forced outward from within the rotor slots and held against the stator wall by rotational acceleration Rotary sliding vane compressors

47 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Centrifugal Compressors are not positive displacement compressors. They use very high speed spinning impellers (up to 60,000 rpm) to accelerate the air then a diffuser to decelerate the air. This process, called dynamic compression, uses velocity to cause an increase in pressure. In most Centrifugal compressors, there are several of these impeller/diffuser combinations. Centrifugal compressors

48 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Piping equipment - Compressors Typically, these machines have intercoolers between each stage to cool the air as well as remove the condensate to avoid impeller damage due to erosion. Centrifugal compressors

3.4 – Piping equipment – Various equipment

50 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Centrifugal purifiers To remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oils, centrifugal oil/water separators are most widely used The operating principle for the purifier relies on centrifugal force to separate oil, sludge and water due to their variations of density. A stack of conical plates inside the bowl is rotated by an electric motor. The oil is forced up from the bottom of the bowl and passes over the rotating plates as it moves through the separator

51 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Centrifugal purifiers The operating principle for the purifier relies on the variations in density between :  oil  sludge and  water The sludge and water which are heavier than the oil move to the outside of the bowl, leaving clean oil in the centre

52 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Strainers and filters Devices designed to prevent the passage of unwanted solids into or further along a system Duplex filter Automatic filter

53 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Automatic closing appliances Used to close the openings of air pipes in order to prevent the free entry of water into the space concerned Air vent head - Disc type

54 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Level gauges Used to measure levels in tanks Typical mechanical types Liquid level gauge – Diaphragm type Liquid level gauge – Liquid gas type

55 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Level gauges Used to measure levels in tanks Other types Float type liquid level indicatorBalance weight float type level indicator

56 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Typical pipe couplings Typically, slip-on joint, grip type

57 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Expansion joints Can be metallic or non-metallic Axial expansion joints with flanges Lateral expansion joints with flanges

58 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Various piping equipment Flexible hoses assemblies Can be metallic or non-metallic

4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

60 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment Study of Classification Rules requirements Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements : Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 including table 38

61 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009 Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment Study of Classification Rules requirements : Valves, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.7 and articles of various piping systems Pumps, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 Compressors, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 17 Purifiers, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12 Filters, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12 Closing appliances, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 9 Level gauges, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12 Pipe couplings, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.4 Expansion joints, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6 Flexible hoses, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6 In general Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 Certification, inspection and testing

62 Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009