9.613 Using Information Technology1 Class 4 Management of Data, Information and Knowledge Asper School of Business Using Information Technology Part-Time MBA, December 2001 Instructor: Bob Travica

9.613 Using Information Technology2 Data, Information, Knowledge Outline Data, Information, Knowledge - MIS Focus Technology for Managing Data/Information Managing Information - Life Cycle Metaphor Technology for Information Management Knowledge Management--separate slides

9.613 Using Information Technology3 Data, Information, Knowledge - Relationships Data InformationKnowledge Size, Complexity, Management Cost): lowhigh Data Information Knowledge More

9.613 Using Information Technology4 Data refers to sets of symbols (textual, visual, audio) that may have some generic meaning or no meaning. (e.g., “bob” vs “cpc”; “client”) Information refers to data with specific meaning. Usually implies putting data in some context (sentence, other data). (e.g., “bob is my friend”, “bob not meaning beans in a Slavic language”; “cpc is encrypted ‘bob’ ”; “client device sends requests to the server; database record)

9.613 Using Information Technology5 Knowledge refers to interconnected information that signifies what is/will be, why is/will be, and how to do. Or, WHAT: semantics (definition), taxonomy (classification), episodic (description), ontology (all of this and analysis/synthesis) & HOW: procedural knowledge--how to do.

9.613 Using Information Technology6 Relationships between data, information and knowledge For example, - data provides building blocks for information and information does so for knowledge; - knowledge facilitates creation of information from data; - new data changes information, new information changes knowledge Fuzzy boundaries between information and knowledge

9.613 Using Information Technology Data - storage IT critical Information - use of info for decision making; improved DBMS, MIS, DSS Knowledge Data, Information, Knowledge - MIS Focus Evolution In MIS, these 3 usually called information resources Point of confusion (!): “information” used in broader sense to include all 3

9.613 Using Information Technology8 Information Resources - some modern issues More vs. less structured information (records vs. documents) Hypertext-based structures as pattern of linked data/info Data about data -- metadata or information/knowledge (data dictionary; data definitions in DBMS; tags in markup languages)

9.613 Using Information Technology9 Technology for Managing Data/Information Paper Files Electronic (“Flat”) Files DBMS time Technology DBMS models (hierarchical, network, relational, object) Challenges of multimedia data

9.613 Using Information Technology10 Newer Database Developments Data Warehousing Data Mining Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Grayish area: borderline between information and knowledge?

9.613 Using Information Technology11 Managing Information - Life Cycle Metaphor Collect, Create Discard (after x cycles) Filter Organize Store Transfer, Share Retrieve Use Update Knowledge management uses similar cycle

9.613 Using Information Technology12 Technology for Information Management Information filtering (reduce size - increase relevance) Databases (organize, store, retrieve) Management Information Systems Decision support systems (knowledge implications) Communication (transfer, create) Groupware (create, store, share)

9.613 Using Information Technology13 Knowledge Management Note: Check the other set of slides.