The many roles of RNA Fran Lewitter Head of Biocomputing Whitehead Institute.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Dogmatic View of Gene Expression DNAProteinRNA Post-transcriptional Control: Quantitative Control: Levels of mRNA not proportional to levels of mRNA synthesized.
Advertisements

Protein Synthesis Let’s make some protein!. Protein Synthesis: An Overview Genetic information is contained within the nucleus of a cell DNA in the nucleus.
NUCLEIC ACIDS {DNA;RNA} w 1. What are they? w 2. Where are they found? w 3. What are their functions? w 4. What is a nucleotide? Draw one. w (pages 219.
NUCLEIC ACIDS Journey to the tiny world of DNA. Nucleic Acids  Organic molecules, include C, H, O, N and P elements.  Have various roles in metabolic.
Central Dogma Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to info essential to life processes.
Intro to Molecular Genetics RNA & Protein Synthesis 3/16/2011.
Do Now: 1. Turn in Lab (Strawberry DNA) 2. Begin working on the 10-1 review guide – it will be your homework tonight.
Noble Prize.
Accelerating biology with bioinformatics: collaboration with lab scientists Lewitter, RECOMB BE, July 2011.
Small RNA World microRNAs(miRNAs) ECES458 FALL 2001 Student: Kai He Instructor: Dr. Sahinalp.
New roles for RNA New fields for bioinformatics? Morten Lindow Centre for Bioinformatic University of Copenhagen.
Chapter 15 Noncoding RNAs. You Must Know The role of noncoding RNAs in control of cellular functions.
RNA.
DNA : The Genetic Code. What is the “genetic code”? A set of instructions that tells the cell how to build all of the components that make you!
Non-coding RNA gene finding problems. Outline Introduction RNA secondary structure prediction RNA sequence-structure alignment.
AP Biology Protein Synthesis Part 1. . Amino group Carboxyl group  carbon.
AP Biology From Gene to Protein How Genes Work AP Biology What do genes code for? proteinscellsbodies How does DNA code for cells & bodies?  how are.
CHAPTER 12: GENETICS.
Function of RNA Since DNA cannot leave the nucleus, RNA molecules will convert the written instructions into proteins in the cytoplasm Genes are coded.
RNA Tertiary Structure. Additional Motifs of Tertiary Structure Coaxial helix A minor motif Pseudoknots Tetraloops Loop-loop Ribose zipper Kink turn motif.
AP Biology From Gene to Protein How Genes Work.
Genetics 3: Transcription: Making RNA from DNA. Comparing DNA and RNA DNA nitrogenous bases: A, T, G, C RNA nitrogenous bases: A, U, G, C DNA: Deoxyribose.
DNA RNA DNA Replication & Transcription Translation.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
DNA TO RNA Transcription is the process of creating a molecule that can carry the genetic blueprint for a particular protein coding gene from the DNA.
One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:
Peptide Bond Formation Walk the Dogma RECALL: The 4 types of organic molecules… CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS (amino acid chains) NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA.
REVIEW. Protein Synthesis AT-A-GLANCE Translation.
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation CP Biology.
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation CP Biology.
Basics of RNA structure. RNA functions Storage/transfer of genetic information Genomes many viruses have RNA genomes single-stranded (ssRNA) e.g., retroviruses.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Class Notes 3 RNA and the Central Dogma. I. Function of DNA A.The DNA is a set of instructions for the ribosomes to follow as they make proteins (protein.
Macromolecules part 4 dna. Central Dogma of Biology DNA  mRNA  protein DNA TRANSCRIBES to mRNA – What does transcribe mean??? – To COPY – Process is.
Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. NEW VOCABULARY (Def. on next 2 slides) Central Dogma RNA.
The Central Dogma 12.3 HW tonight read 12.4 and review this stuff!
Non-Coding RNA Helen Nordquist November 13, 2015.
Hosted by The Laughing Leisse – r Choice1Choice 2Choice 3Choice
Lecturer Bahiya Osrah.  RNA exist as a single strand.  Ribose Sugar (5 carbon sugar)  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine  For RNA,
All proteins consist of ________. 1.DNA molecules 2.RNA molecules 3.triglyceride chains 4.polypeptide chains
August 2008 Biotechnology Pest resistance Herbicide resistance Environmental stress resistance Nutritionally complete plants Flowers with unusual colors.
Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Biologia Celular e Molecular II
DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis (12.3) State Standards 2A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. 2B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular.
Chapter  Relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA  Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis ◦ DNA  mRNA =
Biochemistry Free For All
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RiboNucleic Acid-RNA RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the.
(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?
Protein Synthesis Part 3
Protein Synthesis Standards:
5-3 NOTES: RNA AND CENTRAL DOGMA
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Protein Synthesis Part 3
Protein Synthesis Part 3
Protein Synthesis A brief overview Purpose? Key Players?
Transcription -The main purpose of transcription is to create RNA from DNA because RNA leaves the nucleus to carry out its functions but DNA does not -A.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
5-5 NOTES: TRANSLATION RNA  PROTEIN
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro
Chapter 8: RNA General structure of RNA
Protein Synthesis Miss Richardson SBI4U.
Central Dogma
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17
RNA: Transcription and Translation
Nucleic Acid Molecules -DNA, RNA and ATP -Structure and Functions
RNA and Transcription CENTRAL DOGMA
5-3 NOTES: RNA AND CENTRAL DOGMA
Presentation transcript:

The many roles of RNA Fran Lewitter Head of Biocomputing Whitehead Institute

Central dogma The flow of genetic information DNA RNAProtein transcription translation

DNA notoriety

History of RNA Late 1800’s - 2nd kind of nucleic acid not in the nucleus (rRNA) 1920’s - sugar for DNA vs RNA tRNA (Hoagland) 1960’s - mRNA Relative Amount of RNA in E. coli rRNA 80% tRNA 15% mRNA 5%

New Roles of RNA ncRNAs - functional RNA molecules rather than proteins; RNA other than mRNA (ex.XIST) RNAi - RNA interference siRNA- active molecules in RNA interference; degrades mRNA (act where they originate) miRNAs - tiny 21–24-nucleotide RNAs; probably acting as translational regulators of protein-coding mRNAs (regulate elsewhere)

New Roles of RNA stRNA - Small temporal RNA; (ex. lin-4 and let- 7 in Caenorhabditis elegans snRNA - Small nuclear RNA; includes spliceosomal RNAs snoRNA - Small nucleolar RNA; most known snoRNAs are involved in rRNA modification RNA world - RNA as catalyst

The Panel Michael McManus (Sharp Lab, MIT) –the RNA world John Doench (Sharp Lab, MIT) –story behind discovery of RNAi Herve Vauchere (Bartel Lab, WI) –how RNA silencing is used by plants to thwart RNA viruses

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.