TYPES OF LOADS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Project No. 4 Students:

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Presentation transcript:

TYPES OF LOADS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Project No. 4 Students: Ibrahim Rashed Al Mohanna. Naser Khaled Al Dowalia. Trki Abdullah Al Snitan

Loads in simple structure INTRODUCTION: ►What are the loads? Simply, loads are some sort of force. ►Major types of loads: ● Dead loads. (red arrow) ■Exerted by the weight of the element of the structure. ● Live loads. (rest arrow) ■Exerted by any temporary force acting on the structure Loads in simple structure

Exerted by the weight of the element of the structure DEAD LOADS: ► Dead Loads are those loads which are considered to act permanently; they are "dead," stationary, and unable to be removed. ► The self-weight of the structural members normally provides the largest portion of the dead load of a building. Exerted by the weight of the element of the structure

DEAD LOADS: Real structure F.B.D Moment diagram

All the arrows indicate the live loads unless the red one ► Live Loads are not permanent and can change in magnitude. They include items found within a building All the arrows indicate the live loads unless the red one

LIVE LOADS : All vehicles are some sort of a live load on transportation structures, the humans can be too on any structure.

LIVE LOADS : ► WIND LOAD: ► The wind's relatively large projected areas can develop substantial forces in the structure. Wind load

A covered bridge destroyed by wind LIVE LOADS : ► WIND LOAD: A covered bridge destroyed by wind

example of collapse by wind LIVE LOADS : ► WIND LOAD: example of collapse by wind

LIVE LOADS : ► EARTHQUAKE LOADS: ► Earthquake loads are another lateral live load. They are very complex, uncertain, and potentially more damaging than wind loads. Mass tends to remain in its original position, deformation due to sudden ground moving take place at the base

LIVE LOADS : ► EARTHQUAKE LOADS: ► Buildings have been demolished by the earthquake loads, that happened because it have not been designed to deal with these loads. The earthquake was in Qamm in Iran.

HYDROSTATIC AND SOIL PRESSURE: ► When building a wall, whether it is a basement wall or an outdoor retaining wall, it is necessary to make it strong enough to resist the pressure differential from the soil side to the open side. This pressure will consist of two elements: ► Soil Pressure, which is a function of the soil depth and type. ► Hydrostatic pressure, which will be simply the depth of the wall times the density of water

LOAD COMBINATION: ► Designing steel or concrete structures involves considering combinations of load; therefore, most structural engineers are quite familiar with assessing the probability of various load combinations. ► As an example, it is unlikely that any bridge will need to resist full design vehicle load, design wind load, and the structure's self-weight simultaneously. The load combination is clear in this figure, we can see the dead load and the live load including its kinds like weight of furniture and people, wind load and snow loads.

Conclusion: At the end, we are supposed to tell that, there is many other loads have not been including in this presentation. That is because that kinds of loads do not effect in Saudi Arabia or they are not in Saudi Arabia. As an example, the snow load. Actually, we will be happy if we see any snow in Saudi Arabia.