TOPIC: intro to solutions and Concentration Do Now:

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TOPIC: intro to solutions and Concentration Do Now:

Classification of Matter Matter Pure Substanc es Mixtures HomogeneousMixturesHeterogeneousMixturesElementsCompounds

Solution = (aq) Homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state (phase)

Parts of a Solution SoluteSolute = dissolved substance SolventSolvent = dispersing medium (often water)

Solutions occur in all 3 phases! Alloys: Brass, etc.Solid Fillings: Hg in AgSolidLiquid H 2 in Pd metalSolidGas Salt waterLiquidSolid Antifreeze in radiatorLiquid Seltzer WaterLiquidGas MothballsGasSolid Water Vapor in AirGasLiquid AirGas ExampleSolventSolute

Gas in a liquid: CO 2 in and out of water Bubbles mean it ’ s a heterogeneous mixture not a solution! How can you tell a gas is in a liquid??!?

Alloys Solid in solid

We can determine how much solute and solvent make up a solution = CONCENTRATION Concentration = A measurement that describes how much solute is in a given amount of solvent or solution. Many, many different units to express concentration. Molarity Molarity PPM (parts per million) PPM (parts per million) % by mass % by mass % by volume % by volume

Molarity (M) Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution liters of solution 0.1 M HCl : molarity = 0.1M 1M NaSO 4 : molarity = 1M

So why do aqueous solutions need.1M or 3M in front?!?!?!

For M, you need moles, so sometimes you’ll have to convert grams to moles moles grams 1 mol FM g 1 mol FM = formula mass Ex: Na 3 PO 4 Na = 3 x 23 = 69 P = 1 x 31 = 31 O = 4 x 16 = g/mol

Sometimes give mL of solution instead of Liters must be Milliliters must be converted to liters Sometimes ask for: –moles/volume of solute rather than molarity –SO How do you manipulate this equation? –NOTE: 1 g = 1 ml of water M = mol L L = mol M mol = M L M L mol

Practice before you start p What is the formula mass of a. KNO 3 2. Convert to moles a. 58g NaCl 3. Convert to L a. 500ml b. 10ml 4. Convert to grams a. 1000ml b. 1L c. 50ml g/mol ---1 mol --0.5L L g ml = 1000g ---50g

Percent By mass mass (solute) x 100% mass (solution) By volume volume (solute) x 100% volume (solution)

Mass solution = Mass solute + Mass solvent