DAYS OF REMEMBRANCE

Vocabulary WWII Europe Adolf Hitler Ghetto Resistance Holocaust Genocide Persecution Liberation

OVERVIEW BY TOPIC Dictatorship under the Third Reich Early Stages of Persecution Kristallnacht American Response Life in the Ghetto Concentration Camps Rescue Resistance Liberation Postwar Postwar Trials Maps

Adolf Hitler salutes spectators upon his arrival at the Zeppelinfeld in Nuremberg for the Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day) ceremonies. September 10-16, Nuremberg, Germany. DICTATORSHIP UNDER THE THIRD REICH

A dog lies on a park bench which is marked “Nur fur Arier” (Only for Aryans). March Vienna, Austria EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION

Austrian Nazis and local residents look on as Jews are forced to get on their hands and knees and scrub the pavement. March 1938-April Vienna, Austria. Source: National Archives and Records Administration EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION

Jewish girls sheltered at the Centre de Sainte-Mande, children’s home on rue Granville in Paris. Only a few escaped deportation to Auschwitz. June Paris, France EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION

Local residents view the burning of the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery in Graz. November Graz, Austria. Source: Dokumentationsarchiv des Oesterreichischen Widerstandes. KRISTALLNACHT

Germans pass by the broken shop window of a Jewish- owned business that was destroyed during Kristallnacht. November 10, Berlin, Germany. Source: National Archives and Records Administration KRISTALLNACHT

A view of the SS St. Louis surrounded by smaller vessels in the port of Hamburg. June 1939 AMERICAN RESPONSE

Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louis attempt to communicate with friends and relatives in Cuba, who were permitted to approach the docked vessel in small boats. June 3, Havana, Cuba. Source: National Archives and Records Administration AMERICAN RESPONSE

Two children beg for food on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto. September 19, Warsaw, Poland LIFE IN THE GHETTO

Jews in the Warsaw ghetto awaiting their turn in the soup kitchen. 1941, Warsaw, Poland. Source: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy LIFE IN THE GHETTO

A transport of Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau. May Auschwitz, Poland. Source: Yad Vashem CONCENTRATION CAMPS

Danish fishermen (foreground) ferry a boatload of fugitives across a narrow sound to neutral Sweden. Within just a few weeks of the first arrests by the Germans in 1943, some 7,000 Danish Jews managed to make their way to the safety of fishing boats that plied this route. Sweden, 1943 RESCUE

SS troops guard members of the Jewish resistance captured during the suppression of the Warsaw ghetto uprising. April 19, 1943-May 16, Warsaw, Poland. Source: National Archives and Records Administration RESISTANCE

American soldiers entering Buchenwald upon liberation of the camp. April 11, Buchenwald, Germany LIBERATION

Mauthausen survivors cheer the soldiers of the Eleventh Armored Division of the U.S. Third Army one day after their actual liberation. May 6, Mauthausen, Austria. Source: National Archives and Records Administration LIBERATION

The defendants in the dock listen to proceedings at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg. November 10, 1945-October 1, Nuremberg, Germany POSTWAR TRIALS

Hana’s Suitcase

Holocaust Literature Hana’s Suitcase by Karen Levine Anne Frank: They Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank The Devil’s Arithmetic by Jane Yolen The Yellow Star by Agra Deedy Number the Stars by Lois Lowry The Upstairs Room by Johanna Reiss

Resources United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum April 2009.