Instructional Media as Teaching Aids Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Instructional Media as Teaching Aids

DISPLAY MEDIA PICTORIAL MEDIA MOTION MEDIA DRAMATIZATIONS PRINTED MATERIALS GRAPHIC MATERIALS PICTORIAL MEDIA AUDIO MEDIA PROJECTED MEDIA MOTION MEDIA DISPLAY MEDIA COMMUNITY RESOURCES Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena DEMONSTRATIONS DRAMATIZATIONS CONTRIVED EXPERIENCE

Printed materials used in Teaching Kinds of Printed materials used in Teaching Textbooks-is a systematic arrangement of subject matter designed to assist the instructor in a particular content to students at a specific grade/year level. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Supplementary materials- provide the best sources of idea and information, particularly on current topics, otherwise not available from textbooks. Examples: pamphlets, handouts and journals.

Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena ADVANTAGES: 1. Printed materials are readily available on a wide variety of topics and in many different formats. 2. Its adaptable in any lighted environment. 3. Its handy and does not require any equipment or electricity. 4. Printed materials, like worksheets, allow learners to practice skills. 5. Its inexpensive to produce or purchase and can be reused. Limitations: 1. Nonreaders or poor readers may not benefit from the printed materials in as much as these materials are sometimes above the reading level of the learners. 2. Some teachers require students to memorize facts and definitions, thus, these materials are reduced to become mere memorization aids. 3.Other teachers become “bookish”, making the textbooks as subject itself. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

PRINTED MATERIALS AS TEACHING AIDS 1. Teachers should maximize The learners’ active involvement in class discussion. 2. Teachers should complement the use of printed materials with other instructional media. 3. Provide worksheets and handouts for topics which are not part of the textbooks. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena 4. Teachers should refer to new and updated book. 5. Students should be taught to evaluate and discriminate what they read.

Drawings and Illustrations Graphic Materials *Graphics means graphein which means “to write”, “to draw” or “to represent by lines”. * Graphics are instructionbal materials which present summarized information and ideas through drawings, words, pictures, and symbols. *These are generally abstract. Drawings and Illustrations Diagrams Charts Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Graphs Posters Maps and Globes Cartoons

DRAWINGS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Limitations 1.Drawings could be subject to misinterpreta- tions. 2.Technical expertise in drawing could be needed to produce good drawings and illustrations DRAWINGS AND ILLUSTRATIONS FUNCTIONS: 1. giving faces to characters in the story; 2. Displaying a number of examples of an item described in a textbook; 3. Visualizing stepwise sets of instructions in a technical manual 4. Communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative; and 5. Develop students’ aesthetic values Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Advantages: They could be prepared ahead of time by having it drawn on the board and covered until the class starts. 2. They can be easily prepared once materials are available. They are also easy to utilize because they do not require special equipment.

CHARTS *these are instructional materials which represent relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies. Flow/ Process Charts Classification charts Tabular Charts Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Organizational charts Stream/ Tree Charts Timeline charts

Flow chart or process charts. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Flow chart or process charts. Show a sequence, procedure, or a flow of a process.

Classification charts. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Classification charts. Show the classification or categorization of objects or events.

Chart as teaching aid: Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Advantages: It can present summaries of information It can be easily made by students. It does not require special equipment. Limitations: Charts cannot show motion Big charts can be cumbersome to handle. Charts can be outdated. Utilization Guidelines: Plan well to make sure charts fits the lesson. Parts of the chart should be clear, neat, and detailed enough for vivid viewing. Use pointers to identify a portion. In presenting the chart, attach it on the wall, rather than holding it. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

DIAGRAMS Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Advantages: Limitations: Although considered as charts, these consist of lines and symbols that show the relationships or key features of a process, an object or an area. Diagrams could be very abstract such as construction blueprints or showing the relationships of verbs, subject or other parts of speech in an English grammar class. DIAGRAMS Advantages: Like charts, diagrams show relationships of a large amount of data in a condensed form., Diagrams are easy to use because they do not require special equipment. Limitations: *Ideas rely heavily on symbolic means, hence, could be difficult to understand. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena Utilization Guides: Diagrams work best in summarizing ideas; hence,preliminary background information should be well discussed prior to the use of the diagram. Teach symbolism to further comprehend the relationships in a diagram.

Contrived Experiences Direct Purposeful Experiences Verbal Symbols Visual Recording, Radio, Still pictures Motion Pictures Educational Television Exhibits Study Trips Demonstrations Dramatized Experiences Contrived Experiences Direct Purposeful Experiences Degree of Abstraction The Cone of Experience Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Direct, Purposeful Experiences Directly involving the class in certain activities such as planting, harvesting, praying, and the like is both experiential and participatory. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Contrived Experiences . Simulating certain activities or physical aspects of the local culture so that the experiences become more real is a valuable way to learn and express one’s learning. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Dramatized Experiences Dramatization by some members of the class who may have done some research about the cultural group is a result of participatory learning. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Demonstrations demonstration by an authority or a resource person about certain activities or rituals of the group is a form of actual learning. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Study Trips Conducting a field trip to a local community is a tool towards experiential learning. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Exhibits Exhibits of artifacts, tool, costumes, and other material aspects of the culture is a good type of educational media. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Educational Television Televised lecture or show about the group is an excellent tool to raise awareness and shared understanding. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

It is about movies or films on a certain group. Motion Pictures It is about movies or films on a certain group. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Recording, Radio, Still Pictures Involves recordings of folk songs or conversations in the native dialect and/or still pictures showing costumes or any significant activities of the group. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Visual Symbols Contains graphs, cartoons, comic strips, and other visual symbols Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Verbal Symbols Includes textbooks and other printed materials and plain lecture. Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena

Maria Estela Teo-Balbuena