R EVOLUTIONS IN L ATIN A MERICA How the Enlightenment and the French Revolution changed South America…

UEQ AND LEQ UEQ: How did events in Europe cause Revolutions in Latin America? LEQ: How important were individuals like Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Miguel Hidalgo, and Jose Maria Morelos in the Latin American Revolutions?

V OCABULARY Latin America Revolution Peninsulares Creoles Mulattos Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Miguel Hidalgo Jose Maria Morelos

O UTLINE M APS OF S OUTH A MERICA To understand where ideas from the Enlightenment and French Revolution spread, you will color in and label one map of South America and Central America. Use your book atlas on page A8 to A10 to properly color in all countries of Central and South America. Be sure to use your atlas to also properly label each country of Central and South America.

C REATING A S YMBOL TO R EPRESENT Y OUR C OUNTRY Turn to page 246 in your textbook. Read over the paragraph at the top of the page. Directions: Pretending that you are an artist create and draw a symbol that could represent your country. Within your symbol draw other images and symbols that represent the values and beliefs of your country. Provide a detailed explanation of what your symbol represents and what beliefs and values it shows. Grading: 1. Participation – 10 pts 2. Symbol is creative, complete, and colored – 15 pts 3. Symbol contains other symbols that represent values and beliefs – 15 pts 4. Detailed explanation is provided that describes what the symbol represents and beliefs – 20 pts

C OUNTRY S YMBOLS

R EVOLUTIONS IN S OUTH A MERICA Revolutions in America and France, and ideas from the Enlightenment helped changed citizens ideas about who should control government. Ideas of liberty, equality, and people ruling government spread into cities of South America. Latin America European countries controlled many Latin American countries. Citizens living in Latin America hated European control and felt that revolution was necessary to be free.

S TRUCTURE OF L ATIN A MERICA S OCIETY Create the graphic organizer below in your power notes. Label the different levels within the organizer as the different social groups in Latin America, also be sure to write the notes that characterize each group next to each group.

L ATIN A MERICA S OCIETY The class of citizens controlled their place and jobs they could get in Latin American society. Peninsulares People born in Spain Made up a small part of Latin American population Held many high government jobs because they were the most trustworthy. Creoles Spanish speaking people born in Latin America Could not hold government jobs

U PPER C LASS L ATIN A MERICAN C ITIZENS Peninsulares Creoles

L ATIN A MERICAN S OCIETY C ONTINUED … Mestizos Latin American citizens that had European and Indian ancestry. Middle class citizens Mulattos Latin American citizens of mixed European and African ancestry. Many were slaves. Poor class citizens

M IDDLE AND L OWER C LASS L ATIN A MERICAN C ITIZENS Mestizos Mulattos

R EVOLUTION B EGINS IN L ATIN A MERICA Haiti Originally called Saint Dominique and was the first Latin American country to become free. Toussaint L’Ouverture Led a revolt of 100,000 African slaves in Freed all African slaves on the island by Agreed with Napoleon to stop the revolt if he freed all African slaves. French troops arrested him and imprisoned him in France where he dies in Haiti would remain under French control until it became its own country in 1804.

H AITI AND T OUSSANT L’O UVERTURE

C REOLE L EADERSHIP Groups of Creoles living in Latin America were the least oppressed group. Educated Many traveled to Europe where they learned about the Enlightenment and its ideas 1810 Rebellions break out across Latin America. Two creole generals Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin help free Venezuela and Argentina from European control.

S IMON B OLIVAR Venezuela Declared its independence from Spain in Bolivar was a military general, whose army of volunteers was defeated in battle twice. Bolivar was captured and kicked out of Venezuela twice Bolivar’s army of 2,000 soldiers captured and defeated the Spanish army Because of his success Bolivar helps Venezuela become its own free country.

S IMON B OLIVAR

J OSE DE S AN MARTIN Argentina Declared its independence from Spain in Spanish forces in Chile and Peru were threats to Argentina’s independence so San Martin invaded both countries. Freed Chile in San Martin had his army join with Simon Bolivar’s army to defeat the Spanish in Peru. Bolivar’s new army defeats the Spanish and kicks them out of Latin America. Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador all become free independent countries.

J OSE DE SAN MARTIN

M EXICO B ECOMES FREE Mexico Indians and Mestizos lead the revolution for Mexican independence from Spain. Miguel Hidalgo Mexican priest who believed in the Enlightenment and its ideas. In 1810 he rang his small villages church bells while calling for a rebellion against Spain. His cry for independence caused 80,000 men to join together as an army, but were defeated by the Spanish.

M IGUEL H IDALGO

M EXICO BECOMES F REE Jose Maria Morelos Mexican priest that leads the defeated army of Miguel Hidalgo for four years. Killed by a creole officer in Revolution in Spain changes the government and rulers. Creole Mexican’s unite as a group to proclaim Mexico’s independence in 1821.