What we learned last lesson? '3 Things' Swap your three things in pairs Try to get at least five significant things between you. Describe 3 things that you remember as significant about last lesson. Participative Review: 1 min individual; 2-3 mins in pairs – whole group contributions. Use model maps. Prompt contributions by asking them to describe what they have been talking about not they remember.

Weaknesses Strengths Castle Date Motte and Bailey 11th C High up Ditch Fast to build Wood burns Can be cut down Shell keep 11th C Stone Wall Capture wall take whole building Square keep 12th C Thick stone walls Entrance above ground level Corners can be mined or battered Concentric Castle 13th C 2 or 3 walls Inside wall higher than outer Strong gatehouse Round towers Only betrayal by someone Or Very long siege

Castle Builders Task Shape metal Carve and lay stone Masons Work with lead for pipes & roofs Painting pictures inside castle Dig stone from ground Make mortar to bind stones together Carve and lay stone Cut, join and carve wood Lay floors Plastering the walls Masons Smiths Carpenters Plumbers Plasterers Painters Pavers Quarrymen Mortarmixers Shape metal Cut, join and carve wood Work with lead for pipes & roofs Plastering the walls Painting pictures inside castle Lay floors Dig stone from ground Make mortar to bind stones together

? Defending & Attacking a Castle

Attacking & Defending a Castle In pairs, discuss 3 things you would like to learn about attacking and defending a castle. Remember to pose (ask) a question. i.e. write down 3 questions you would like answered today.

     Learning Outcomes Q1. Where was the best place to site a castle? Q2. What were the main defences of a castle? Q3. Why did the defences have to improve? Q4. What methods were used to attack castles? Q5. What type of weapons were used?     

   Learning Outcomes Skills – working together problem solving presenting a case  

Where to build a castle? Key: Best defensive position e.g. top of hill/high ground next to river near crossroads – move troops quickly near town/village – control people & food supplies protect river crossings Other factors: near drinking water near forest/wood

Group Work Where to build a castle 5 3 2 1 4 8 mins

Castle Defences Answer the following using full sentences: Individual Work Castle Defences Answer the following using full sentences: In your own words explain why castles were built: a) on a hill b) on the banks of a river c) near crossroads? 2. Why were castles built near towns?

Why were defences so important? Had to be safe from attack Make it difficult for the enemy to break in Wooden keep ? motte ? Gate look-out ? ? ditch bailey ? drawbridge ? ? palisade

Where were the weak points of the motte and bailey castle? Solutions? Where were the weak points of the motte and bailey castle? gate Why weak? walls keep

Improve the Defences

Existing castles were slowly improved Outer curtain wall Stone Keep Curtain wall well Inner bailey drawbridge Portcullis crenellation Arrow loops gatehouse

New castles built with new defences

Stone Castle Defences Towers & turrets battlements hoardings gatehouse machicolations arrow loops portcullis drawbridge high, thick walls moat

where fighting was done Battlements where fighting was done crenel merlon shutter crenellation

Gate Defences Speed important – had to close off castle quickly 2 portcullises could trap the enemy Murder holes could be used to pour throw hot tar or water, crush enemy with stones or fire at them with arrows

Methods of Attack Improved New castles built with new defences Why?

Besieging a Castle Attacking ladders Siege tower mangonel longbow crossbows

Types of catapults Fired missiles at or over wall trebuchet mangonel Fired missiles over wall: Stones Dead animals Heads of the enemy

Break down gates or smash the walls Attacking the Gate Tortoise Battering Ram Break down gates or smash the walls

Other Siege Weapons Sappers’ tent Penthouse ballista Sappers’ tent Penthouse For use on square keep or square towers

Individual Work Name each weapon labelled: a b c d e f c b f d a e

Castle Defences How were soldiers protected on the battlements? Individual Work Castle Defences How were soldiers protected on the battlements? Draw an arrow loop and explain its purpose. Give 2 advantages of round towers in a curtain wall. Describe 3 methods used to defend the castle gate. Include a picture of one of these defences.

Siege Weapons Quiz – what am I? Individual Work Siege Weapons Quiz – what am I? Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue: When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I? I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I? I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?

Individual Work Siege Weapons With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I? I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I? I am used to break down the gate? What am I? I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?

Penthouse or sappers tent Individual Work Siege Weapons Quiz – what am I? Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue: When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I? I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I? I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I? mangonel Penthouse or sappers tent cannon

Individual Work Siege Weapons trebuchet With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I? I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I? I am used to break down the gate? What am I? I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I? siege tower battering ram grappling hook

Have you been successful? How do you know?

Well done Excellent learning today

Let’s have fun Beat the Examiner Design a quiz on this topic Straight forward questions? Cryptic clues? Multiple choice? Matching activity + red herrings? Crossword puzzle?