Public Administration at York University Presentation by Ian Greene Professor teaching public administration at York University since 1985

Beginnings York University Founded: 1959 Faculty of Administrative Studies (now the Schulich School of Business) founded in 1966 with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) program. The MBA grew much faster than the MPA. The MPA is the only masters combination of business and public administration in Canada. It accepts 5-10 students a year. In 1966, there were only 4 other MPA programs in Canada.

Beginnings Glendon College, located on the east side of Toronto, was founded in 1966 as a bilingual faculty of arts focusing on public affairs. It has always offered excellent undergraduate public policy and administration courses as part of its political science degree. As well, it offers a bilingual “certificate” in public administration, and add-on to a political science degree.

Undergraduate Programs A 4-year undergraduate program in Public Policy and Administration was started in the Department of Political Science in 1982 for day students in the Faculty of Arts. It accepted 50 students a year. It was one of only 5 undergraduate programs across Canada. Many graduates now have senior positions in government. Until 2009, York had a separate faculty – the Atkinson Faculty -- specializing in programs for part-time and mature students. In 1999, the Atkinson Faculty created an evening public administration program for part-time and mature students similar to the Faculty of Arts program.

Recent Developments 2005: York Council on Public Administration formed to coordinate public policy and administration offerings across campus, and promote new offerings. Faculties were encouraged to develop new programs distinct from other programs on campus, and attracting distinctly different student bodies. One result is three distinct graduate programs. 2006: Arts and Atkinson undergraduate programs merged into the School of Public Policy and Administration (SPPA). In 2009, the SPPA has about 800 undergraduate students. 2007: The SPPA began accepting graduate students into its new Masters program in Public Policy, Administration and Law program (MPPAL). The first 42 students graduated in October, 2009, and there are currently 90 students in the program.

More recent developments 2006: the School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA) was created at Glendon College. 2008: The Master of Public and International Affairs program (MPIA) in the SPIA accepted its first 20 students. The program currently has about 45 students in first- and second-year. There has been an explosion of interest in public policy & administration programs across Canada, and in particular at York University, since York now has more graduate and undergraduate students in public policy and administration than any other Canadian university. There are now 24 Masters programs in public policy & administration in Canada, and 25 undergraduate programs.

Reasons for recent student interest At graduate level, many people in the public sector realize that they need further education to be successful in their careers. Governments encourage more education in order to offer better quality services. At undergraduate level, students have become more interested in programs with practical applications so they can more easily find employment. As well, careers in business are not as attractive to many students as they previously were, and a career in the public sector offers the opportunity to tackle the serious problems faced by the world.

Programs of Study The following slides will present an overview of the curriculum at the undergraduate level and then the graduate level. Three-year undergraduate degrees require students to take 90 credits of coursework, which means fifteen full-course equivalents over three years. A full-course equivalent is 6 credits. Four-year undergraduate degrees require 120 credits, or 20 full-course equivalents. Of these 15 (3 year degree) or 20 (4 year degree) courses, between 5 and 12 are specific required courses for particular programs. The remaining courses are general education courses, elective courses, or courses for other majors or minors. Only the required courses for public administration programs will be listed in the following slides.

MISSION of SPPA: Educate for Good Governance Prepare current and future professionals in public, private and para- public sectors for effective, efficient, & accountable democratic governance in complex and multicultural world Unique combination of liberal arts & professional disciplines Balanced emphasis on policy & administration Interdisciplinary approach to theory & practice, & empirical & normative analysis Strong emphasis on social justice, ethics & human rights, consistent with York traditions

Bachelor of Public Administration School of Public Policy and Administration This program, beginning in 2010, replaces the three programs that SPPA inherited from the Faculty of Arts and the Atkinson Faculty Core Curriculum (42 credits, or 7 full-course equivalents) Introduction to Administrative Studies (3 credits) Introduction to Micro and Macro Economics (6) Analysis and Use of Financial Information or Intro to Fin. Accounting (3) Canadian Government (6) Introduction to Empirical Theory (6) Public Law II (The Charter of Rights) (3) Federalism & Public Policy, or Public Law I (Courts & Constitution) (3) Public Administration (6) Statistics for Social Sciences (6) For students taking the Specialized Honours in Public Administration, in addition to the above courses, they must take 5 more full-course equivalents in one of three streams shown on the next slide, for a total of 12 full-course equivalents for the Specialized Honours Degree:

BPA Streams 1. Law, Justice and Public Policy Stream : Communities & Public Law (3) Community Policing (3) Sociology of the Law (6) Politics, Law and the Courts (6) Sociology of Crime and Social Regulation (6) 6 additional 3 rd or 4 th year elective credits in the School of PPA or Political Science. 2. Management Stream: Introduction to Organizational Behaviour (3) Human Resources Management (3) Project Management (3) Public Sector Budget Process (3) Advanced Public Policy Analysis or Comparative Theories of Policy Analysis (6) Program Evaluation (3) 9 additional elective credits in Administrative Studies and/or Human Resources Management at 3 rd or 4 th year level 3. Policy Analysis Stream: Human Resources Management (3) Public Sector Budget Process (3) Advanced Public Policy Analysis or Comparative Policy Analysis (6) Program Evaluation (3) 15 additional elective credits at 3 rd or 4 th year level in the School of PPA or Political Science.

Other options in BPA Honours major in public administration: 10 full-course equivalents instead of 12. No streams. Core curriculum plus three 3 rd or 4 th year PPA courses. Minor in public administration: students taking a major in another subject can do a minor in public administration by taking the courses in the core curriculum except for the statistics and economics courses, plus 6 credits in 4 th year in the SPPA (42 credits). Three year degree: students can do a three-year BPA by taking the core curriculum, plus 3 credits in human resources management, and 3 credits in budgeting.

Professional Certificate in Public Sector Management At York, an undergraduate “Certificate” is a value-added component to a degree, taken at the same time as a degree. At present, students from any program can earn the Certificate in Public Sector Management by completing 42 credits (7 full-course equivalents) from specified BPA courses. Eighteen credits (3 full-course equivalents) must be over and above their degree requirements. However, given that a Minor in Public Administration will exist starting in 2010 – likely more attractive than this Certificate -- there are discussions about the possibility of reducing the Certificate to 24 or 30 credits (4 or 5 full course equivalents) so that the Certificate is accessible to students from many disciplines who want to earn a basic proficiency in public policy and administration.

Glendon bilingual certificate in public administration & public policy Students must complete 30 credits (5 full-course equivalents) as follows: Macro and micro economics (6) Introduction to Political Studies or Intro. to Canadian Politics (6) Introduction to Public Administration (6) Introduction to Quantitative Methods (6) An upper-year course in public administration (6) An elective course from a list of courses relevant to public policy and administration (6) At least one of these courses must be taken in French and one in English.

Master of Public Policy, Administration and Law (MPPAL) School of Public Policy & Administration The MPPAL is an interdisciplinary program designed primarily to provide people working in the public sector with the skills needed for effective public administration and public policy analysis, with an emphasis on the themes of constitutional and administrative law, social justice, and public sector ethics. The curriculum was developed in close consultation with senior government officials in all orders of government. Most students take the program part-time over 2 years – one evening a week and one Saturday a month. 25 students are admitted each year for courses at our downtown campus (near gov’t offices), and 25 are admitted each year for courses here on the Keele campus.

MPPAL Courses Module 1: Public Management and Finance – PPAL Public management – PPAL Leadership and human resources management – PPAL Public finance and accounting Module 2: Law and Ethics – PPAL Canadian constitutional and administrative law – PPAL Ethics, privacy, and access to information – PPAL Equity, policy, law and planning Module 3: Public Policy and Analysis – PPAL Program evaluation and public policy analysis – PPAL Research methods and information systems – PPAL Topics in public policy or PPAL – Major research paper

Master of Public and International Affairs Glendon School of Public and International Affairs The MPIA program offers a unique, high-quality bilingual education that prepares students for leadership roles in public life. Through this two-year, full-time degree, students become well-versed not only in public policy and administration, but in public affairs — a broader examination of Canadian public institutions and the domestic and international settings in which they function. The program equips students to analyze the key challenges in Canadian public life, place Canada’s public institutions in their global setting, apply the core knowledge and tools of public management and policy, and work effectively in both official languages. Students are required to be proficient in at least one language (English or French) with at least working knowledge of the other language. Courses are taught in English or French, or both. Most students are recent graduates from undergraduate programs with little public sector experience.

Courses in the MPIA Students must complete 45 credits (7.5 full-course equivalents) as follows: Required Courses PAIA : Public Management PAIA : The Policy Process PAIA : Economics and Public Policy PAIA : Research Methods PAIA : Canadian Political and Social Structures PAIA : International Context of Policy-making PAIA : Capstone Seminar PAIA : Colloquium: Canada and its Place in the World PAIA : Public Management PAIA : The Policy Process PAIA : Economics and Public Policy PAIA : Research Methods PAIA : Canadian Political and Social Structures PAIA : International Context of Policy-making PAIA : Capstone Seminar PAIA : Colloquium: Canada and its Place in the World Internship PAIA : Internship PAIA : Internship Elective Courses: 15 credits from the following: PAIA : State and Society PAIA : Government-Business Relations PAIA : Political Philosophy PAIA : Global Immigration and Canadian Law and Policy PAIA : Science and Technology Policy PAIA : Politics of Sustainability PAIA : The Global Economy PAIA : Canada and the World PAIA : International Law and International Organizations PAIA : State and Society PAIA : Government-Business Relations PAIA : Political Philosophy PAIA : Global Immigration and Canadian Law and Policy PAIA : Science and Technology Policy PAIA : Politics of Sustainability PAIA : The Global Economy PAIA : Canada and the World PAIA : International Law and International Organizations

Master in Public Administration Schulich School of Business The Schulich MPA degree is the only one in Canada that combines both public and business administration. Students can choose to graduate with and MBA or an MPA. Students can take the program full-time during a minimum of 16 months, or part-time over a maximum of six years. Most students have had some experience in the public or private sector. The program consists of twenty 3 credit courses (10 full-course equivalents) as follows:

First-year MPA required courses FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT CORE COURSES (MPA 1) Financial Accounting for Managers (3) Management Accounting (1.5) The Economic Environment of Business (3) Managerial Finance (3) Skills for Leadership (3) Managing for Value Creation (3) Information Systems (1.5) Quantitative Methods (1.5) Operations Management (1.5) Marketing Management (3) Organizational Behaviour (3) Public Policy and Public Management (3)

Second-year MPA courses REQUIRED COURSES: Strategic Management in the Public Sector (3) Strategy Field Study (3) Canadian Public Law (3) Program Evaluation (3) 6 CREDITS FROM THE FOLLOWING OPTIONAL MPA 2 CORE COURSES: Business and Government (3) Judicial Administration in Canada (3) Ethical Politics (3) The Provincial and Municipal System of Government in Ontario (3) Democratic Administration (3) International Business and National Governments (3) Public Administration and the Law (3) Plus 12 credits of Optional Recommended Electives, such as Accounting and Control of Nonprofit Organizations, Cultural Policy, Economic Forecasting and Analysis, Macroeconomics and the Supply Side, Applied International Economics, Not-for-Profit Marketing, Labour Relations, Cross-Cultural Management, The Management of Change, Systems of Justice, and Creating Modern Capitalism: Comparative Perspectives.

MBA Concentration in Public Management MBA students can specialize in public administration by completing four 3-credit courses, as follows: Public Policy and Public Management Canadian Public Law Program Evaluation One other course from the list of MPA required, optional or recommended courses to 30 MBA students complete the Concentration in Public Management each year.

Graduate Diplomas A graduate diploma is an additional qualification students can earn while completing a degree Graduate Diplomas available: Justice System Administration (one extra course & 12 week internship) Democratic Administration (one extra course) Major Research Paper must be relevant to diploma

Continuing Education Schulich Masters Certificate in Public Management 15 days over 5 months (not for academic credit) MODULE 1 (1 day) Globalization and Trends in Public Management (Wed. Jan 13, 2010) MODULE 2 (1 day) Critical Thinking (Thurs. Jan 14, 2010) MODULE 3 (2 day) Leadership and Stewardship Jan (Wed, Thurs) MODULE 4 (2 day) Enterprise Risk Management Feb (Wed, Thurs) MODULE 5 (2 day) Strategic Performance Mar 3-4, 2010 (Wed, Thurs) MODULE 6 (1 day) Policy Execution and Implementation Mar 24 (Wed) MODULE 7 (2 day) Managing Partnerships and Strategic Alliances Apr 7-8 (Wed, Thurs) MODULE 8 (2 day) Appreciative Leadership Apr 21-22, 2010 (Wed, Thurs) MODULE 9 (1 day) Group Projects Presentation May 12, 2010 (Wed) MODULE 10 (1 day) Case Presentations and Graduation May 13 (Thurs)

Conclusion York University has developed an array of undergraduate and graduate programs in public policy and administration – To provide analytical and practical skills to Students with little work experience Students with significant public sector experience This is possible because of the contributions and cooperation of several Faculties: Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, the Schulich School of Business, Glendon College, and the Faculty of Law. As well, the Faculty of Environmental Studies offers a good many policy-related courses. York has a Research Centre for Public Policy and Law, and a Research Centre in Practical Ethics, to facilitate continuing research for faculty members teaching public policy & administration, and to facilitate links with all orders of government. Credibility of our programs in the public service is key. Many of our faculty have experience working in government.