Mathematics in Islamic Society Becca and Hank

The Role of Math Scholars Contributions in other areas of study Universities Math for the sake of Math Some had government positions Arabic numerals From simple to complex concepts

Islamic Mathematics Islamic algebra based on Greek and Hindu foundations Many believed that through numbers- ascend into higher world

Apply Math to Science Astronomical table Direction of Mecca Schedule 5 daily prayers Fix holy days on lunar calendar Navigate monsoon swept Indian Ocean

Apply Math to Science Water clocks, water wheels, irrigation Geometry and algebra in optics Trigonometry refine earth-center picture of Ptolemy

Tracing Mathematic progression throughout the Islamic era and development of concepts that we still use today

MOHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI Father of algebra Analytical solutions to linear and quadratic equations Zero Decimals Algorithms-formal procedure of calculating Introduce “Arabic numerals” Trigonometry tables-sine

MOHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI Geometric representation of conic sections Calculus of two errors Collaborate with Mamun al-Rashid on degree measurement

YAQUB IBN ISHAQ AL- KINDI 4 books on number system Foundations of modern arithmetic Spherical geometry-astronomy

JAMSHID AL-KASHI Al-Kashi’s greatest contribution was the calculation of Pi He calculated that Pi was the only digit wrong in this approximation was the five at the end.

THABIT IBN QURRA Traditional geometry and geometric algebra Theories Non-Euclidean geometry Spherical trigonometry Real numbers Integral calculus

THABIT IBN QURRA Apply arithmetical terminology to geometric quantities Study conic section-parabola and ellipse Determine surfaces and volumes

ABUL WAFA MUHAMMAD AL-BUZJA Geometry Use compass Square equivalent to other squares Regular polyhedra Regular hexagon and equliateral triangle Parabola by points Geometric solution to x^4=a and x^4+ax^3=b

ABUL WAFA MUHAMMAD AL-BUZJA Trigonometry Relate sine theorem to spherical triangles New method of sine tables Sin30 correct to eighth decimal place 2 sin 2 (a/2) = 1 - cos a and sin a = 2 sin (a/2) cos (a/2) developed Table of tangents Secant and cosecant

OMAR AL-KHAYYAM Algebra Classify equations-based on complexity, degree, number of terms Offer solutions-cubic equations Binomial theorem, binomial coefficients Contribute to theory of parallel lines

NASIR AL-DIN AL-TUSI Trigonometry Compiled as a subject of study 6 formulas for the solutions of spherical right angle triangles

Location of Mathematicians Born throughout Islamic Empire Turkey, Nishapur, Aral Sea All flourished in Baghdad

Bibliography “The Islamic Tradition.” John B. Christopher. Harper and Row Publishers p “Great Moments in Mathematics, Before 1650.” Howard Eves. The Mathematical Association of America p