Social Reform, Photojournalism Lewis W. Hine Aaron Arbuckle Ms. K AWG 3OI-02 Social Reform, Photojournalism

Table of Contents Early Life / Ellis Island NCLC Red Cross / WW1 Safety Laws / Working Conditions WPANRP Photographs Camera Social Reform Overview Bibliography

Early Life Born Sept. 26, 1874 in Oshkosh Wisconsin Studied sociology in Chicago and New York (1900-1907) Taught at Ethical Culture School, NY and encouraged students to use photography in education Hine took classes to Ellis Island where many immigrants arrived daily (1904-09)

Ellis Island Photographs Lewis Hine, ITALIAN FAMILY IN FERRYBOAT LEAVING ELLIS ISLAND, 1905 Lewis Hine, CLIMBING INTO AMERICA, 1908 Hine Realized his vocation was photojournalism

1908 published Charities and the Commons Collection of photographs of tenements and sweatshops Lewis Hine, MIDNIGHT AT THE GLASSWORKS, 1908 Hine wanted to “Exert the force to right wrongs.”

National Child Labor Committee 1909 Hine was employed as investigator and photographer Wanted to change the child labour laws; helped with two books: Child Labour in the Carolinas (1909) and Day Laborers Before Their Time (1909) "Perhaps you are weary of child labour pictures. Well, so are the rest of us, but we propose to make you and the whole country so sick and tired of the whole business that when the time for action comes, child labour pictures will be records of the past."

National Child Labor Committee Travelled 12,000 miles in one year taking photos of child labour in factories One of the only artists not exaggerating work; felt the truth would have enough impact. Critics felt this was not shocking enough. Denied permission to enter factories, impersonated fire inspector

Boy sweeper, wearing knickers, standing alongside carding machine in Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Indiana. Lewis Hine, Photographic print. 1908 Oct. Six members of Slebzak family in field, five of whom are working on Bottomley's farm near Baltimore, Maryland. Lewis Hine, Photographic print. 1909 July.

Hine’s boss, Owen Lovejoy said the work Hine did helped bring attention to the public In 1916, Congress passed legislation restricting children under 14 from working

World War 1 Joined Red Cross Photographed the living conditions of French and Belgian civilians suffering from the impact of the war. In 1919 he published The Children's Burden in the Balkans

Safety Laws / Working Conditions 1920’s Hine joined campaign for better safety laws for workers 1930-32 Hine photographed Empire State Building construction Many photos of workers in dangerous positions securing iron and steelwork To get best vantage points, Hine went out in a basket 1,000 feet above Fifth Avenue

Lewis Hine, LUNCH TIME AND SMOKE, 1931 Lewis Hine, RAISING THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING, 1932 Lewis Hine, ICARUS A TOP EMPIRE STATE BUILDING, 1930 Gelatin Silver Print, 18.7 x 23.7 cm

Works Progress Administration's National Research Project Beginning in 1936, Hine studied changes in industry and the effect on employment He was the chief photographer His work was left unfinished, on November 3, 1940 Lewis died after an unsuccessful operation

Photographs The Library of Congress holds many including examples of his child labour and Red Cross photographs. Nearly ten thousand of Hine's photographs and negatives are kept at the George Eastman House Many photographs are also at the Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

Camera He used the 4x5 Graflex since 1920 Initially he used a 5x7 view camera requiring him to set up a rickety tripod, focus the camera, pull the slide, and dust his flash pan with powder, Before taking a photo. Graflex 5x7 View Camera

Social Reform A social movement to change certain aspects of society such as terrible labour conditions, child labour and immigrant conditions. Change the world through photographs Photography used to impact the minds of people

Another photographer is Dorothea Lange

Bibliography “Lewis Hine: Biography,” Spartacus Educational, John Simkin, accessed Wednesday Jan 11, 2012, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRhine.htm “Lewis Hine,” Wikipedia, accessed Jan 11, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Hine Szarkowski, John. Looking at Photographs. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. Rosenblum, Walter, Trachtenberg, Allan, et. al. America and Lewis Hine: Photographs, 1904-1940. Aperture, 1997.