Abiotic Factors

(go outside and make list) Biotic (living) Abiotic (non-living)

Abiotic Factors Pg 1086-7 Read and notes on Abiotic Factors Temp Water Sunlight Wind Rocks and Soil

Heat Transfer Heat transfer: transfer of energy between earth’s surface and atmosphere Conduction: heat passed between substances that are in direct contact with each other Convection: movement of air or water transferring heat from hot places to cold places Radiation: Emission of heat through empty space (ex: heat from sun)

Conduction: heat passed between substances Balloon/Flame Demo

Convection: movement of air or water transferring heat Ice Cube Activity Lava Lamp Demo

Radiation: transfer of heat through space and air

Conduction: energy transferred by direct contact Convection: energy transferred by mass motion of molecules Radiation: energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation

Absorbing Heat The amount of energy absorbed by an object depends upon the following: The object's color Density Material (water, earth) 4. The intensity of the radiation striking the object

Heating/Cooling Lab Materials: 3 dishes 3 thermometers Stop watch Light Water (you decide on 2 more materials) Procedures: Date Table: Observation: Not all things heat up/cool down at the same rate EX: Question: How does the physical characteristic of a surface effect the way the surface absorbs and releases heat from the sun? Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: Control Variable: Hypothesis:

Data Table

Conclusion Explain the info in your data table---heating and cooling of substances Density, color, material Is there evidence to support your hypothesis? Explain. Any issues or questions you have regarding the lab?

Heat Capacity: Density Heat capacity: amount of heat required to increase temp of 1 kg by 1 degree Materials with lighter atoms take more energy to heat up then those with heavier atoms. EX: H takes LOTS of atoms to make up 1 kg Heat is vibration of atoms, so heating up 1kg of lead means getting fewer atoms vibrating, so it takes less energy Denser materials tend to have lower specific heat---takes less energy to heat up

Heat Absorption: Color

Conclusion Takes a lot of energy to heat up water Liquid or solid Denser materials take less energy to heat up EX: Takes less energy to heat up sand, sand cools off quickly Darker-colored objects absorb more visible radiation, whereas lighter- colored objects reflect more. Liquid or solid Weight/Density Color---light vs dark

Uneven heating results in global climate Materials that make up Earth’s surface are not the only things that determine an area’s climate: Seasonal Variation, Latitude, Altitude, Wind, and Precipitation are also factors Climate vs Weather Weather is the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time, climate is how the atmosphere “behaves” over long periods of time. Read pg 1087---global climate Macroclimate: Microclimate:

Uneven Heating: Latitudinal Variation Flashlight activity Pg 1088—read w/ explaination Due to Earth’s spherical shape, different location receive different amounts of solar energy. Equator= direct Poles=low angle Lower angles cause same amount of solar energy to be spread over a larger area

Uneven Heating: Seasonal Variation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD_8Jm5pTLk Tilt: Day light hours: Light Intensity:

How Heat is Transferred Around the Globe 1. Ocean Currents: Driven by different temperature and salinity. Ocean is a key factor in the storage and transfer of heat energy across the globe. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/media/ocean-currents-and-climate/?ar_a=1

2. Global Air Circulation/precipitation Patterns: Read pg 1089, take notes High Temp causes air masses to rise---water is released, so dry air now descends. Descending air is associated with deserts: 30 and 60

How Heat is Transferred Around the Globe 3. Global Wind Patterns: Wind Activity Read pg 1089 notes Westerly winds are the result of descending air masses toward the poles rotation of Earth (Coriolis Effect) unequal speed of land moving through space at the equator and poles.

Why the equator rotates faster than the poles If you cut two disks out of the earth, one near the equator and one really close to the pole, they will have different diameters and circumferences  The disc near the equator will be radius about 8,000 miles and circumference about 24,000 miles. Since the earth rotates 360 degrees in 1 day a person standing on the edge of this disc travels 24,000 miles in a day, or 1000 mph (24,000/24)  We will make a really small disc from near the pole. This disc will be 8 metres radius and about 24 metres circumference. It still takes a day for this disc to rotate 360 degrees so a person standing on the edge of this disc travels 24 metres in a day, or 1 metre per hour  The person near the pole is close to the centre of rotation so moves slowly, the person at the equator is a long way from the centre of rotation and moves much faster  Try moving your finger in a small circle in 1 second, then spinning your arm around in 1 second. Your finger has a short distance to travel in the small circle and a much greater distance to travel at the end of your rotating arm, in the same time, so it has to go much faster

Notes on Atmospheric Circulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXuGYSM2D8k 22 min

Regional Effects: Bodies of Water Read pg 1087-1090

Regional Effects: Mountains

1. Seasonality, microclimate, and Long Term Climate change pg 1090-1092

Pg 1092 Concept #2: Uneven heating summary Unequal heating of Earth’s surface produce temperature variations between warmer tropics and colder polar regions that influence the movement of air masses, thus distributing moisture at different latitudes.

Please make sure you have the following completed: 1. Regional Effects: Bodies of Water and Mountains Pg 1087-1090 2. Seasonality, Microclimate, Long-Term Climate Change Pg 1090-92 ****Answer 3-7 all on same paper 3. On a separate paper, answer Concept Check 50.2 pg 1092 4. Chp Review—Read 50.1, highlight. Answer 50.1 5. Read 50.2 , Answer 50.2 6. Answer 50.3 7. Chp Review pg 435, answer #1, #1-6

Vocab/Concept Study Guide