: The World at War : The World at War
World War I World War I, fought from 1914 to 1918, caused terrible destruction and changed Europe forever. Main Ideas The onset of World War I can be traced to nationalism, imperialism, and the buildup of military forces in Europe. The Allies’ victory over the Central Powers came soon after the United States entered the war. The Treaty of Versailles changed the map of Europe and created resentment.
The onset of World War I can be traced to nationalism, imperialism, and the buildup of military forces in Europe. Nationalism created rivalries among European countries. – People were willing to go to war to prove the superiority of their nation. Imperialism created intense competition for colonies and their resources. European countries built large armies to show their strength and to threaten enemies. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand caused tension to boil over. European nations split into two sides: – Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany – Allies: Great Britain, France, and Russia
Causes of the War
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: Nicholas II [Russia] George V [England] President Poincare [France] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [Austria-Hungry] Wilhelm II [Germany] Victor Emmanuel III [Italy] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Ottoman Empire]
Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
The “Powder Keg” of Europe Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The “Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip
Who’s To Blame?
Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
New French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”
Sacrifices in War
The Colonial Fronts
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China
The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
The Zeppelin
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
Poison Gas “Mustard Gas” Poison Gas “Mustard Gas” Machine Gun