Timeline of the Arab and Israel Conflict

Late 1800’s to WW 1 Zionism: Zionism: Theodore Herzl, a leading Jewish sympathizer, states that a Jewish homeland is needed to stop the violence against the Jews Theodore Herzl, a leading Jewish sympathizer, states that a Jewish homeland is needed to stop the violence against the Jews Arabs (Ottoman Empire) are defeated in World War I by Britain, France, and USA. Arabs (Ottoman Empire) are defeated in World War I by Britain, France, and USA.

Between the World Wars Britain takes control of the Palestinian area. Britain takes control of the Palestinian area. Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: Says Palestine is to be used for a Jewish homeland Says Palestine is to be used for a Jewish homeland Made by Britain Made by Britain 680,000 Jews start to move to Palestine 680,000 Jews start to move to Palestine

WW II Hitler and the Holocaust Hitler and the Holocaust Adolph Hitler comes to power in Germany Adolph Hitler comes to power in Germany 6 millions Jews were killed during his time in power all over Europe 6 millions Jews were killed during his time in power all over Europe Equal to 2/3 of the total Jewish population in Europe Equal to 2/3 of the total Jewish population in Europe Hostilities between Jews and Arabs in Palestine begin Hostilities between Jews and Arabs in Palestine begin

United Nations: United Nations: An agreement is made to end hostilities between Arabs and Jews. An agreement is made to end hostilities between Arabs and Jews. Palestine is to be split in 2. Palestine is to be split in ,000 Palestinians are to be moved from Jewish controlled areas. 650,000 Palestinians are to be moved from Jewish controlled areas. 1948: Israel declares independence from Britain. 1948: Israel declares independence from Britain.

1948 War of Israel Independence Israel is attacked by Syria, Lebanon, Jordon, Egypt, and Iraq. Israel is attacked by Syria, Lebanon, Jordon, Egypt, and Iraq. Israel defeats all of the Arab countries back and gains more territory. Israel defeats all of the Arab countries back and gains more territory.

Suez Crisis Egypt attempts to control a Canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea to stop supplies getting to Israel. Egypt attempts to control a Canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea to stop supplies getting to Israel. Britain and France send troops to stop Egypt. Britain and France send troops to stop Egypt. Israel joins in and attacks Egypt Israel joins in and attacks Egypt This heightens tensions between Egypt and Israel. This heightens tensions between Egypt and Israel.

The PLO Palestine Liberation Organization Palestine Liberation Organization Formed in 1964 Formed in 1964 Aim is to free Palestine from Israeli control through force Aim is to free Palestine from Israeli control through force Leader is Yasir Arafat Leader is Yasir Arafat PLO leads many attacks on Israeli civilians and military PLO leads many attacks on Israeli civilians and military

6 Day War Seeing Egypt, Syria, and Jordon are getting ready to attack Israel, Israel attacks all 3 countries at the same time. Seeing Egypt, Syria, and Jordon are getting ready to attack Israel, Israel attacks all 3 countries at the same time. Israel is able to quickly defeat all three Israel is able to quickly defeat all three Israel takes land from all 3 countries Israel takes land from all 3 countries Israel doubles in size Israel doubles in size

Yom Kippur War Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur Israel again successfully defends itself with no changes in borders. Israel again successfully defends itself with no changes in borders. Middle Eastern countries agree to stop sending oil to Western countries like the United States. Middle Eastern countries agree to stop sending oil to Western countries like the United States. Gas shortages occur Gas shortages occur Spill over into US and Russia Spill over into US and Russia Russia supplies Arab countries with weapons Russia supplies Arab countries with weapons US supplies Israel with weapons US supplies Israel with weapons Tensions rise between US and Russia Tensions rise between US and Russia

Peace Process Starts 1978 Camp David Accords Camp David Accords US President Jimmy Carter meets with leaders from Israel (Begin) and Egypt (Sadat). US President Jimmy Carter meets with leaders from Israel (Begin) and Egypt (Sadat). Israel agrees to give back territory to Egypt Israel agrees to give back territory to Egypt Egypt agrees to recognize Israel’s independence Egypt agrees to recognize Israel’s independence Sadat is assassinated shortly afterward by Muslim extremists who don’t want peace. Sadat is assassinated shortly afterward by Muslim extremists who don’t want peace.

Intifada 1980’s Groups of regular Palestinian civilians begin an uprising against Israel’s military occupation. Groups of regular Palestinian civilians begin an uprising against Israel’s military occupation.

Israel and Iraq Fearing Iraq may be making nuclear weapons, Israel destroys Iraq’s nuclear factories. Fearing Iraq may be making nuclear weapons, Israel destroys Iraq’s nuclear factories.

Israel Invades Lebanon Invades because PLO headquarters is in Lebanon’s capital, Beirut Invades because PLO headquarters is in Lebanon’s capital, Beirut Israel’s attacks to stop the PLO’s attacks Israel’s attacks to stop the PLO’s attacks

Peace Agreement Israel and the PLO agree to cease-fire and for Israel to return to their pre 6 Day War boundaries. Israel and the PLO agree to cease-fire and for Israel to return to their pre 6 Day War boundaries.

Oslo Peace Process US President Clinton meets with Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasir Arafat. US President Clinton meets with Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasir Arafat. West Bank and Gaza Strip are to be given to Palestinians to run. West Bank and Gaza Strip are to be given to Palestinians to run. Israel is promised peace Israel is promised peace

Rabin is Assassinated During a peace rally following the Oslo Accords, Rabin is assassinated by an Israeli militant who was against peace. During a peace rally following the Oslo Accords, Rabin is assassinated by an Israeli militant who was against peace.

Modern Violence Second Intifada: Second Intifada: More violence against Israelis for their continued military presence in Palestinian areas. More violence against Israelis for their continued military presence in Palestinian areas. Israel reacts: Israel reacts: Israel sends troops to West Bank and Gaza Israel sends troops to West Bank and Gaza Israel starts building fence around the Gaza Strip Israel starts building fence around the Gaza Strip

Hezbollah in Lebanon An extremist group called Hezbollah takes control of Lebanon An extremist group called Hezbollah takes control of Lebanon Israeli soldiers kidnapped Israeli soldiers kidnapped Rocket attacks start Rocket attacks start Israel invades Lebanon to stop the attacks Israel invades Lebanon to stop the attacks Invasion succeeds and attacks stop Invasion succeeds and attacks stop

Hamas in the Gaza Strip- Today In retaliation of Israel’s continued military presence in the Gaza Strip, the group Hamas starts launching rockets into Israel In retaliation of Israel’s continued military presence in the Gaza Strip, the group Hamas starts launching rockets into Israel Israel reacts by bombing the rocket sites and sending troops into Gaza. Israel reacts by bombing the rocket sites and sending troops into Gaza.