PANCREAS. OBJECTIVES Understand the etiology/risk factors, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features and outcome of pancreatic inflammations and neoplasms.

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Presentation transcript:

PANCREAS

OBJECTIVES Understand the etiology/risk factors, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features and outcome of pancreatic inflammations and neoplasms

Ventral Bud

Chapter 19

Posterior view of duodenum/pancreas

Arterial supply and venous drainage of the pancreas and spleen

Lymphatic drainage of the distal pancreas and spleen

Hepaticopancreatic ampulla (Ampulla of Vater)

L2

makes HCO3¯

Pancreatic Enzymes Amylase Lipase DNA-ase RNA-ase Zymogens: Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Procarboxypeptidase A, B

PANCREAS DISEASES Congenital Inflammatory –Acute –Chronic Cysts Neoplasms

Congenital Agenesis (very rare) Pancreas Divisum (failure of 2 ducts to fuse) (common) Annular Pancreas (pancreas encircles duodenum) (rare) Ectopic Pancreas (very common)

PANCREATITIS ACUTE (VERY SERIOUS) CHRONIC (Calcifications, Pseudocyst)

CONSEQUENCES of ACUTE and CHRONIC pancreatitis

ACUTE PANCREATITIS ALCOHOLISM Bile reflux Medications (thiazides) Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia Acute ischemia Trauma, blunt, iatrogenic Genes: PRSS1, SPINK1 Idiopathic, 10-20%

CLINICAL FEATURES ABDOMINAL PAIN EXTREME emergency situation HIGH mortality …but MOST important lab test is……….????? 

AMYLASE !!!!!!!

MORPHOLOGY EDEMA FAT NECROSIS ACUTE INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE PANCREAS AUTODIGESTION BLOOD VESSEL DESTRUCTION “SAPONIFICATION” (stearates, Na+, Ca++)

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS Pancreatic duct obstruction, LONGSTANDING Tropical Hereditary (PRSS1, SPINK1 mutations) IDIOPATHIC (40%)

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

CLINICAL FEATURES Abdominal Pain Vague abdominal symptoms Nothing CT calcifications (why?), amylase elevated, chronic diarrhea if chronic pancreatic insuffiency develops, high likelihood of pseudocysts

PDEUDOCYSTS Why “pseudo”? STRONGLY linked with pancreatitis Can be as big as a football and often are. Can cause obstruction Can get infected Do NOT become malignant

Pancreas Neoplasms Serous Mucinous Cystic Microcystic Papillary Benign Malignant (dense sclerosis is the rule)

SEROUS CYSTADENOMA

MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA

INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS “NEOPLASM”

CARCINOGENESIS of PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA

Pancreatic CA

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

FATE: Regional lymph nodes Liver Often L-2 spine Lungs Grading (WMP), Staging, TNM

Final TIP of the day Painless jaundice in an elderly person is CARCINOMA of the head of the pancreas until proven otherwise