Unit 32 Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications The Food Industry Unit 32 Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications

Introduction Food is all around us! The food industury: that industry involved in the Production Processing Storage Preparation Distribution Human, pet, and animal food all must follow a chain of people, places, equipment, regulations and resources to change farm products into the foods we ENJOY!!

The Economic Scope of the Food Industry When we buy groceries or purchase a hamburger at a fast food joint, where does most of our dollar go? To the producer who raised the beef, grain or vegetables? There are many businesses and individuals that join the farmer in dividing up our food dollars

The Path Food Takes to Get to YOU! Producer Harvester Packer/Processor Consumer Distributor Retailer Wholesaler

The Economic Chain Your purchase sends signals down the economic chain to replace that food for your next purchase

Your Food $ Money spent on food and fiber in the US provides 20% of our working population Where you spend your money also influences who gets how much

Your Food $$$ More meals are eaten outside the home today than a generation ago Convenience foods for use at home are more in demand

Your Food $$$ How many times(days) a week do you eat out? Why do you make that choice? How has our change in lifestyles and shift to families with two or more people employed outside the home influenced how and what we eat?

Quality Assurance

Grading and Inspecting We are accustomed to high quality food in every state and every store This is due to the grading system that has been established by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grades are based on quality standards Grades also improve acceptability of products by the consumer

Grades Cont… These grades indicate Freshness Potential flavor Texture Uniformity in size and weight (depending on the commodity)

Sanitation Additonal quality-assurance programs administered by the USDA include inspection of slaughtering houses and processing plants and oversight of processing operations USDA oversees food labeling and enforces regulations regarding representation on labels The USDA, US Public Health Service and US Food and Drug Administration all work together to ensure the safety of food and food products. They have inspectors and regulate the conditions to ensure sanitation and safe food handling, especially in resturants and food-preparation areas

Commodity Groups and Their Origins

What Food Are Grown Where Food is grown all over the WORLD! Climatic conditions once dictated where certain foods were grown Technology has allowed us to grow foods where they once never would For example food production in the US has always been influenced by geography and climate

What Foods Are Grown Where Since early times when humans traveled and traded foods have been introduced outside the areas where they were grown naturally For example, the soybean has origins in China and is still produced and consumed there. However, the major soybean producers of today are the United States, Brazil and western Europe

What Foods Are Grown Where Modern technology is allowing producers to raise crops in controlled conditions See fig 32-9 to see the major agricultural regions of the United States

Crop Commodities

Grains Wheat: cooler climates Corn: warmer climates, but the many varieties now allow it to be grown in every state in the Union Rice: production is limited to where there are proper climatic conditons

Oil Crops The invisible food products Soybeans, corn, cotton, flax, sunflowers, coconut, peppermint and spearmint are all significant oil crops in the US US is a leader in the production of soybean, corn, cotton and peanut oils Sunflowers are native the US and are growing in importance

Crop Commodities Sugar Crops Sugar beets and sugar cane Corn is a secodary source Sugar beets are grown in Minnesota, Colorado, California Sugar cane is grown in Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana

Citrus Oranges, limes, lemons, grapefruit Florida, Texas, Arizona, California

Tree Fruits Variety depends type of weather conditions required Apples and pears require cooler conditions and do well in mountainous regions such as Washington Bananas require very warm conditions and do best in tropical areas

Vegetables and Berries Consumed shortly after harvest or processed by canning, freezing or drying for future consumption Vegetables require different climates Cool climate veggies: cabbage, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower Warm climate veggies: beans, tomatoes, sweet corn

Meat Commodities

Meat Commodities Animals too are raised in locations with some regard to the climatic conditions Artificial heating and cooling is expensive Large amounts of water must be available Minimizing artificial conditions also helps to minimize the cost of production

Beef Most is raised near corn Over half the corn in the US is grown in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota Therefore beef is extensively raised in the Midwest Open ranges in the western US are another important beef raising area

Pork Corn is a primary feed Primary area for hog production is the midwestern US Mid-Atlantic and southern states are also important hog producing states

Lamb Range states of the far west

Dairy Products Wisconsin California The dairy industry is extensive in the Northern United States California Large industry with many co-ops and processing plants

Game Each state has native game Whether it is harvested as an agricultural product depends on the demand for it SD—Pheasant, Deer, Antelope, Fish

Seafood States that border the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and Gulf of Mexico Aquaculture is also allowing the production of fish in the interior states

Poultry Can be raised in a variety of settings Typically raised indoors Most raised in the mid-Atlantic and southern states

Operations Within the Food Industry

Harvesting Taking a product from a plant where it was grown or produced It is important that the crop be harvested in a timely and careful manner The crop must be at the correct stage of maturity to ensure that it is not over or underripe

Processing and Handling The steps involved in turning raw agricultural products into an attractive and consumable food Processing factories and plants clean, dry, weigh, refrigerate, preserve, store and turn a commodity into a variety of other products

Transporting Variety of transportation is used by the food industry Transportation of fresh and processed food products makes up 5.5% of the marketing cost within the food industry in the United States Timing and the distance that foods must travel contribute to the ultimate cost of the foods.

Transporting Efficency of transportation influences food quality in terms of freshness and spoilage Insulated and refrigerated trucks enable food products to move in fresh form to most parts of the country year-round. This luxary is not available to most people in the world.

Transporting Approx. 90% of our perishable food is shipped by truck Much of the less perishable foods such as wheat, potatoes and beets are shipped by rail Air transportation allows us to enjoy perishable foods from distant regions and countries For example: pineapples and papayas

Transporting How far the food was shipped, how it was wrapped, how long it was in transit, how warm it became during transport all influence ultimate food quality

Marketing Wholesalers purchase food products from packing houses, processors, fish markets and produce terminals They in turn sell to retailers and institutions such as hospitals, schools, resturants and retail stores They are important links in food chain before the food is purchased by the consumer

Retail Stores Many types Superstores, conventional supermarkets, limited-assortment and box stores, convenience stores, nonconventional food stores, corner stores, food cooperatives, farmers markets, road-side stands

The Food Industry of the Future Ever changing New food products New processing and perserving techniques New equipment for harvesting labor-intensive crops Improved harvesting equipment for products such as grapes is being tested to lower labor cost of such crops. Convenience foods will continue to play a larger role in the food chain USDA and other agencies will continue vigilance regarding food safety and nutritional standards at all steps of the food chain Assign student activity # 2, 3, 7