Got phones?

Presented by Camille Fair-Bumbray TRED 256 July 2007

What is PHONETICS? Phonetics comes from the Greek word φωνή (phone), or the morpheme phon~ which means soundGreek Phonetics then is the study of the sounds of human speech. sounds

Linguistic Knowledge

So What’s the Chapter About? (Chapter Overview: The BIG 6) 1.Definition of Phonetics 2.Articulatory phonetics (speaking) v. auditory phonetics (listening) 3.Sound Segments 4.Spelling (Orthography)and Speech (pronunciation) 5.Articulatory Phonetics ( “ anatomy ” and “ physiology ” of phonetics) –a. Initiation (airstream mechanisms) + Articulation (vocal tract) –b.Consonants: places of articulation, manners of articulation, phonetic symbols –c.Vowels & Dipthongs 6. Sign-Language

But first… A few random…yet relevant thoughts * Why we chose PHONETICS * Why Phonetics is important *Phonetics? Phoneme? Phonology?

Why phonetics? Thought it was phonology Discovered it wasn’t! Realized I needed to understand the difference Specifically: How can phonetics be useful in the classroom????

Phone? Phonetics? Phonics? Phoneme? Phonology? Is it just semantics? What changes the meaning? Is it the root or the stem? Phone: sound of a phoneme Phonetics: study of speech sounds; how we pronounce individual letters or the sound associated with a combination of letters Phonics: a method of teaching people to read and pronounce letters by the sounds associated with letters Phoneme: smallest unit of speech that distinguish one utterance from another; sound segments that are associated with a rule Phonology: study of sound systems of language; how sounds are combined in a language (phonetics + phonemics)

Phone or Phoneme? A phone is…A phoneme is… On of many possible sounds in the languages of the world A contrastive unit in the sound system of a particular language The smallest identifiable unit found in a stream of speech A minimal unit that serves to distinguish between meanings of words Pronounced in a defined wayPronounced in one or more ways, depending on allophones Represented between bracketsRepresented between slashes [b], [t]/b/, /t/

Why is Phonetics Important? It gives birth to language Without sounds we would be unable to create or understand words that make up languages It’s the precursor to phonemic awareness (which helps us to decode words and develop reading fluency) It’s the last text and visual that the authors remind us of in the text, so its obviously critical to Linguistic Knowledge!

Back to the main road… Definition of phonetics Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds) Segmenting

How do we learn how to say words?

How would you say…

How would you teach…

What did you do and how were you able to do it? Segmenting dividing utterances into individual sounds, morphemes, words and/or phrases Awareness Language (English) Sounds associated with the letters

PHONETICS Sounds…Not Spelling or Syllable Spelling and/or syllables don’t necessarily indicate # of sounds (but they may help you to segment) Knot (4 letters) = kn /o / t (3 sounds) Gnome (5 letters) = gn/ o/ me ( 3 sounds) Psycho (6 letters) = ps/ y/ ch/ o (4 sounds)

TRY… What do you know? What do you need to know? Telephone Sesquipedalian a)iamtheproudownerofthelongestlongestlongestdomainnameinthisworld.com b)Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis c)TRINITROPHENYLMETHYLNITRAM d)Leer taal e)étudiant f)montanha g)Heureux h)glüklich i)Счастливо j) 幸せ k) 산

SO… Symbols + Sounds = Phonetics  + = Phonetics

Are we there yet…? Definition of phonetics Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds) Segmenting Spelling and Speech Articulatory Phonetics: The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production

Spelling and Speech Alphabetic spelling = pronunciation (how word is spelled) = (how you say it) Orthography  sounds (spelling)  (sounds associated with individual letters) Example: Did he believe that Caesar could see the people seize the seas? e, ie, ae, ee, eo, ei, ea = sound like E as in EAT

What are some of the possibilities? (in English!) Multiple letters/1 sound to, too, two, through, threw, clue, shoe 1 letter/multiple sounds dame, dad, father, call, village, many Combo of letters/1 sound shoot, phone, glacial, theatre Single or Combo/NO sound mnemonic, corps, island

Now You Try… Multiple letters/1 sound 1 letter/multiple sounds Combo of letters/1 sound Single or combo/NO sounds

How do we know the sounds? Phonetic Alphabet : Used for phonetic transcription of any language IPA International Phonetic Alphabet

Using the IPA [se] [plen] [tek] Once you can wrap your head around notation, IPA helps us to represent the pronunciation of words in any language

Let’s Exercise Our Minds! Exercise #4 Exercise #8

There… Yet…? Definition of phonetics Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds) Segmenting Spelling and Speech  Articulatory Phonetics: The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production (what and where the structures of the body are) & (function/what they do)

How do we generate & create sounds?

Initiation + Articulation Initiation: where the sound starts *In the lungs (pulmonic) *Pushed out of lungs, up trachea (wind pipe), to larynx (egressive) *A.K.A. pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism *there are also ingressive (ie. Clicks) Articulation: where & how we shape the sound to be produced in a specific way *larynx (lair rinks) = “voice box” * larynx is behind “adam’s apple” *larynx (glottis + vocal chords) *vocal tract (larynx, pharynx, oral & nasal cavity)

Voiced or Voiceless Sounds Voiced Vocal chords closed Air stream forces thru Causes vibration [b], [d], [z], [v] Voiceless Vocal chords open Air stream flows freely [p], [t], [k], [s]

Examples voiced/voiceless Clicks /tsk/ owelsandConsonants/vowels/chapter13/movie.html

There… Yet…? Definition of phonetics Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds) Segmenting Spelling and Speech  Articulatory Phonetics: The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production (what and where the structures of the body are) & (function/what they do)

Places of Articulation Tongue + Lips = Articulators  Cause restriction  Reshape oral cavity

Where sound is made… place phonesAcademiaCommon [b] [p] [m] Boy, pig, mom bilabialsBoth lips [f] [v] Fine and vine labiodentalsBottom lip/upper teeth  Thin that interdentalsBetween teeth [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] To, do, new alveolarsTip of tongue to alveolar ridge (front of roof) [∫] [č] Mission and measure palatalsTongue to roof of mouth [k] [g] Kick and gig velarsBack of tongue to back of palette [R] [q] [G]ulvularsBack of tongue to fleshy appendage

It’s a bit tricky so let’s consult the experts!

Well what the tongue and lips do is also has a secret code! It’s called manner and refers to how sound is made by various tongue, teeth, lip combos. There are categories for these combos: STOP! affrictive. Frictive. nasal. Liquid…etc mmm….Back to the experts

Vowels and Dipthongs! Dipthongs [tay] [say] [may] [mayn] Vowels [si] [sit] [divə]

Sign Language Features (Primes) *Hand configuration *Motion of hands (to/ from body) *Locus (where sign is articulated)

How can we use this in the classroom? Some great literacy centers for ELL include: Tongue Twister Hink Pinks Build a Word/Switch a Letter Songs

So…to help fill in the gaps… Phone vs. phoneme Using the IPA chart Diacritics Plosives and all those other explosive terms! Let’s ask Abbe

References Blevins,W. (1997) Phonemic Awareness Activities. Jefferson City: Scholas tic Books Fitzpatrick, J. (1997) Phonemic Awareness. Cypress: Creative Teaching Press Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert and Hyams, Nina (2003). Phonetics: The Sound of Language. In An Introduction to Language ( ). Boston: Thomson-Heinle.