James Monroe By: Abby Baniel

Profile Born on April 28 th, 1758 in Westmoreland County, Virginia Fought under Washington & studied law with Jefferson Elected the 5 th president in 1817 Served as President from ◦ Known as the “Era of Good Feelings”  Wave of Nationalism swept nation following the war of 1812 The Third President from the Democratic Republican Party

Campaign & Election Results Election of 1816 ◦ When Republicans in Congress caucused to choose their presidential nominee, they selected Monroe by a vote of 65 to 54 ◦ He was respected as the "last framer" of the Constitution, even though he had opposed its ratification. ◦ Monroe ended up winning a majority of electoral votes in sixteen states: Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, and Virginia. King won only three states: Connecticut, Delaware, and Massachusetts. The total Electoral College vote came in at 183 for Monroe and 34 for Rufus King. Election of 1820 ◦ Only one of the electors, Governor William Plumer of New Hampshire, did not vote for Monroe, casting a vote for Secretary of State John Quincy Adams instead.

Presidency The Panic of 1819 The Erie Canal Land Act of 1820 Five States admitted to Union ◦ Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise

Domestic & Foreign Affairs Domestic Affairs: ◦ Americans were feelings optimistic ◦ The booming economy allowed Monroe to turn his attention to domestic issues ◦ He was personable, popular and wanted to help all regions of the country Foreign Affairs ◦ Wanted to improve country’s international reputation and assert its independence ◦ Convention of 1818: fixed US-Canadian border from MN to Rocky Mountains at 49 th parallel.  Established a joint US-British occupation of Oregon for 10 years

Supreme Court Cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) ◦ Main Idea: NH wanted to alter college’s charter to be changed from private to public. ◦ Verdict: Marshall ruled that the original charter must stand because altering required consent of both parties McCulloh v. Maryland (1819) ◦ Main Idea: Division of power between federal gov’t and states ◦ Verdict: ruled with McCulloh and strengthened federal authority and the implied powers of Congress

The Monroe Doctrine Warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere US would not tolerate colonization monarchs 1865: used when US gov’t exerted diplomatic and military pressure in support of Mexican President 1962: used when the Soviet Union began to build missile-launching sites in Cuba

Monroe Doctrine Video A5lII&feature=related

Success or Failure? Great advocate of nationalism Foreign policy: put the nation on an independent course, no longer tied to European policy Successful conduct of foreign policy strengthened the presidency