Perspectives on Personality 1. Students are able to: -Evaluate psychodynamic theories -Evaluate trait theories -Evaluate humanistic theories -Evaluate social–cognitive theories Assessment of Personality 2. Students are able to: -Differentiate personality assessment techniques -Discuss the reliability and validity of personality assessment techniques Issues in personality 3. Students are able to: -Discuss biological and situational influences -Discuss self-concept -Analyze how individualistic and collectivistic cultural perspectives relate to personality 4. Identify key contributors to personality theory (e.g., Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers) Unit 6 Personality Essential Topics

Personality Overview Personality theories is a system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles that are used to explain personality Trait Theory Attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to our actual behaviors Humanistic theory Stresses private, subjective experience and personal growth Psychodynamic theory Behavioristic theory Focuses on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles Places importance on the external environment and on the effects of conditioning and learning Biological theoryGenetics are responsible for personality

Trait Overview We use the trait theory to predict future behavior

Trait Overview There are multiple kids of traits Common TraitsIndividual TraitsCardinal Traits Characteristics shared by most members of a culture Define a person’s unique personal qualities The basic trait that all of a person’s activities can be traced to

Trait Overview Central vs. Secondary Central TraitsSecondary Traits Core qualities or basic building blocks of personality Less consistent, relatively superficial aspects of a person 7 on average Surface traits vs. Source traits

Psychodynamic Theory of Personality Focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences as the drive of personality Erikson

Psychoanalytic Theory Overview Id----Ego----SuperEgo IdSuperego Based off of the pleasure principle chaotic Relates the Id to the reality of life. Guided by the reality principle Ego Acts as a judge or censor for the thoughts and actions of the ego. moderator

Learning Theories of Personality Behavioral Personality Theories Emphasize that personality is no more than a collection of learned behavior patterns Acquired through classical and operant conditioning Reject the idea of traits

Learning Theories of Personality Behavioral Personality Theories Personality is developed through social reinforcement Based off of praise, attention, or approval from others Childhood is a time of urgent drives, powerful rewards and punishments, and huge frustrations What role does school play in this?

Humanistic Theory of Personality Humanism Focuses on human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals. At its core lies a positive image of a person being good A crucial factor is our capability of free choice

Humanistic Theory of Personality Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Humanistic Theory of Personality Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Biological Theory of Personality Argues there is a strong link between inherited factors and human personality For example: neuroticism was inherited as a whole factor. Hans Eysenck

Big 5 theory of personality (aspect of trait theory) Each group member needs to research the following about their respective trait; -summary of trait -examples both high and low -importance to every day life Group Reflection (only 1 as a group)

Big 5 theory of personality Group Reflection As a group, on one sheet of paper, please reflect on the following topics; 1.Provide a one sentence description of each of the 5 traits. 2.In a paragraph, describe the 2 traits that you feel are the most and least revealing about someone with support of your choices.

Body Language and Personality What does Body Language show us as an insight to our personalities?