LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR part 2 “The Opposing Sides”

 List as many long term causes of the Civil War that you can (issues that increased sectional tension from ).

 HOW DID PROBLEMS IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HELP ABRAHAM LINCOLN WIN THE ELECTION OF 1860?  WHAT WERE SOME CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR?  WHERE AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DID THE CIVIL WAR BEGIN?  HOW DID LINCOLN PREVENT MARYLAND FROM SECEDING? WHY WAS LINCOLN CONCERNED ABOUT MARYLAND?  Who do you think has the advantage in winning the Civil War? Explain your answer.

 AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR, THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH EACH HAD DISTINCT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. BOTH SIDES EXPECTED TO WIN QUICKLY. INSTEAD THE CIVIL WAR BECAME A LONG, BLOODY, AND A BITTER STRUGGLE IN WHICH NEITHER SIDE WON AN EASY TRIUMPH.

 Four states that allowed slavery but remained in the Union  Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware  Missouri, Kent., and Mary. Supported the South and almost seceded

 Missouri could control parts of the Mississippi and major routes to the west  Kentucky controlled the Ohio River  Delaware was close to Philadelphia  Maryland most important because it was close to Richmond, railroads ran through it, and D.C. lay within it’s state borders

 Did not want to upset people of border states  If he ended slavery, they would leave  If he sent troops to Kentucky, they would leave  He suspended some constitutional rights and arrested people who supported secession  Border states stayed, but many of their citizens joined Confederate Army

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 Although they seceded, supporters of the Union remained in Tennessee and Virginia  Appalachian region tended to oppose secession  48 counties in western part of Virginia seceded from the state in 1861 and organized a new state of West Virginia admitted in 1863

 How did West Virginia become a state?

AdvantagesDisadvantages  Larger population  More industry  More resources  Better banking system helped raise money for the war  More ships, as most of the Navy remained loyal  Larger, more efficient railroad network  Have to bring Southern states back to the Union  Would have to invade the South, large area filled with hostile people  Southern people’s tremendous support for the war (recalling the American Revolution

 Bring South back to the Union  Ending slavery was not a main goal at first  3 strategies to win war: - blockade Southern ports to prevent trade of supplies and cotton - gain control of Mississippi River to split Confederacy - capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the South

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AdvantagesDisadvantages  Strong support of the white population  Familiar with territory  Defending their homes, land, and ways of life  Military leadership was superior to the North’s  Strong tradition of military training and service  Jefferson Davis, West Point graduate and experienced soldier  Smaller population of free men for army  Very few factories to make weapons and supplies  Produced less than half the food of the North  Half the amount of railroads and fewer trains making delivering supplies difficult  Belief of states’ rights gave central government very little power

 Become recognized as an independent nation  Preserve their way of life, including slavery  Initial strategies: - defend homeland, holding onto as much territory until North tired of fighting - Britain and France would pressure North to end war to restore cotton trade and supply - Some leaders attacked the north, took the offensive, hoping to persuade North it could not win war

 Note to buddy

 Families were often divided  Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, had relatives fight for South  John Crittenden had 2 sons become generals, one for each side  Many of generals knew each other from West Point

 Average age was 25  40% were 21 or younger  Came from all regions and walks of life  More than half of all had owned or worked on a farm  At first, North didn’t allow blacks

 By 1861, Confederacy had about 112,000 soldiers who were referred to as Rebels  The Union had about 187,000 soldiers, or Yankees  By the end of the war, about 850,000 men fought for the South and 2.1 million men for the North  Just under 200,000 black soldiers

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 THE CIVIL WAR WAS THE FIRST MODERN WAR  CIVIL WAR INVOLVED HUGE ARMIES OF CITIZEN VOLUNTEERS = LARGE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

 BY 1850’S, THE ARMIES BEGAN USING NEW CONE SHAPED BULLETTS FOR RIFLES (Mini Ball) = VERY ACCURATE FROM LONG DIST.  TROOPS BEGAN TO DEFEND THEIR POSITIONS (TRENCHES, BARRICADES) = HUGE CASUALTIES FOR ATTACKERS  EXPLODING CANISTERS /ARTILLARY  ATTRITION PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS THE WAR DRAGGED ON  NORTH AT ADVANTAGE DUE TO LARGER POPULATION

 How can the Civil War be considered the first modern war? How did this add to the attrition?

 Grs Grs  1  2  3  Who, What, When, Where, Why and How

 In your journal, summarize what you have learned today.  What are the advantages of both the North and South in fighting the Civil War?  What are the disadvantages of the North and South in fighting the Civil War?  Summarize the strategies for victory for both the North and South.  What impact did technology and improvement in weaponry have on the Civil War?