RNA vs. DNA The Truth By Sean Thurston, Shaun Wright, Sarah Bird,and David Wimhurst.

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Presentation transcript:

RNA vs. DNA The Truth By Sean Thurston, Shaun Wright, Sarah Bird,and David Wimhurst

Contents DNA, what is it? RNA, what is it? Protein Synthesis, how? Differences and Similarities

DNA: The Facts DNA has a Double Helix shape. This shape is due to hydrogen bonds.

D.N.A. STRUCTURE DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a polymer, which is made up of smaller, similar molecules, which coil together to form chains. DNA is described as a (double helix). This is because it forms a 3D Structure. A DNA molecule can be copied perfectly over and over again.

Nucleotides The smaller molecules that make up DNA are called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of three main components. Nitrogen containing base. A Pentose sugar. A phosphate group. There are 4 different nitrogen- containing bases that are found in DNA… Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)

Nucleotides & Polynucleotides To form Polynucleotides many nucleotides are linked together to form a long chain. The nucleotides are held together by covalent bonds. DNA molecules are made of 2 polynucleotide strands lying side by side. They are held together by hydrogen bonds. The bases found in DNA pair in certain ways. Adenine always pairs with Thymine. Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.

RNA: The Facts RNA is Ribonucleic Acid There are two types of RNA, mRNA is messenger RNA, and tRNA is Transfer RNA It contains the sugar Ribose The four bases in RNA differ to DNA in the inclusion of Uracil, and the exclusion of Thymine The sugar Ribose

Protein Synthesis Both types of RNA are used in protein synthesis. mRNA is formed from a single strand of DNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

Protein Synthesis In the cytoplasm is tRNA. One end of the tRNA has a triplet of bases. tRNA picks up Amino acids and brings them to the mRNA on the ribosome The triplet on the tRNA pairs up with the triplet on the mRNA. The amino acids which are now side by side form peptide bonds, forming a protein.

DNA and RNA DNA and RNA differ in function There are two basic differences. One is in the bases, where RNA has Uracil, DNA has Thymine. The other is the sugar, RNA has Ribose, and DNA has Deoxyribose In RNA In DNA