Ecodesign of EuP: Lot 2 Consultation Forum Water Heaters Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP Water Heaters Consultation Forum Brussels, 8 July 2008 Matthew Kestner EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-general for Energy and Transport Unit D3, Energy Efficiency 1 1 1

Content Introduction 2. Water Heaters 2.2 Labelling scale 2.1 Ecodesign and EPBD Minimum Efficiency Limits 2.2 Labelling scale 2.3 EPBD – Partial Harmonization 2.4 Size Limits 2.5 EPBD other elements 2.6 Conformity assessment 2.7 Verification Procedure 2.8 Annex IV – Climate variation 2.9 Emissions/ Nox 2.10 Other Definitions/Scope/ Benchmarks 2.11 Other Water Heaters 2 2 2

Index Part 1. Introduction 3 3 3

Boilers and water heaters almost ¼ EU-15 Greenhouse gas [CO2] emissions Carbon [CO2 eq] emissions EU15 in 2005 CH boilers 10% 17% Road transport Water heating 6% 24% Boilers and water heaters almost ¼ 26% Other electric EuP incl. power generation losses Industrial other fossil fuel use incl. refineries 17% [Total 3357 Mt CO2 eq, ] 4 4 4

Heating highest energy use! Road transport, inner circle: cars ca. 60% CH Boilers (space heating function only)‏ Water Heaters (incl. boiler water heating)‏ Other EuP (dotted= scope future studies)‏ Outside EuP-directive scope In EuP-scope Heating highest energy use! Impact corresponds to circle surface [PJ] 5 5 5

EU legislation lags behind (Water Heater)‏ Minimum energy efficiency standards for water heaters: = YES = NO EU to be in front 6 6 6

CO2 eq. emissions Water Heaters 194 227 245 Business as Usual (BAU)‏ 29% 10% 223 174 Realistic scenario High saving potential ! 1990 2010 2020 2025 EU25-emission water heaters in Mt CO2/a 7 7 7

Urgency: 2020 ! EuP boilers and water heaters  >25% of the target -20% EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990 EuP boilers and water heaters  >25% of the target EuP + EPB* space & water heat 40-50% of the target carbon -20% energy 2020 target year Act Now !! 8 8 8

Targets Proposed measures are: A good investment – cost effective savings 2020 Savings 60 MT CO² by 2020 1-2% of EU Energy Demand Essential to overall 2020 targets 9 9 9

Pan-European Synergy Opportunities Physics is universal  Best Practice For All EU-Single Market  Mass-production and mass-application of high efficiency solutions EU climate differences don’t stand in the way: 10 10 10

EU climate EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr). 11 -0,5 3 EU climate Heating season temperature & Solar annual EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr). 1,9 3 0,3 3 EE 0,9 3 7,6 3 LT 3,9 3 LI 0,5 3 7,6 3 6,5 3 4,3 3 3 6,7 2,4 3 3 7,4 3 5,6 3 3,6 3 4,5 3 4,6 3 3 6,9 4,6 3 5,6 3 5 9,9 3,8 4 13,5 5,3 3 5 11,3 4 12,9 4 3 Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 & 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008 11 11 13,5 Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC 14,4 5 14,8 5 11

Case for Harmonization Product may come in several boxes, (Water Heater, solar panels etc.). But each box is a mass produced product. Usual advantages of single market and harmonization apply. National implementation will lead to 30+ varying requirements, and limited response from manufacturers. 12 12 12

Choice of implementation methods Labelling and Information 2. Ecodesign – Minimum Efficiency Standards 3. Installation Requirements (EPBD)‏ 4. Subsidies, Tax rebates etc. 13 13 13

Urgency: 2020 ! EuP boilers and water heaters  >25% of the target -20% EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990 EuP boilers and water heaters  >25% of the target EuP + EPB* space & water heat 40-50% of the target carbon -20% energy 2020 target year Act Now !! 14 14 14

Index Part 2. Water Heaters 15 15 15

2.1 Eco Design Requirements Water Heaters Rating on basis of how Energy efficiency of supplying relevant volume of hot water (tapping pattern) in an average EU building Model to correct difference between measurement methods, and to allow for (some) distribution losses. 16 16 16

2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements ‘Water Heaters Use of Renewables in electric Water Heaters Cost effective (LLCC) from size M, but not S (so in middle of mass market) Available technology (but only small scale production)‏ Technically difficult/expensive to install (in some buildings)‏ MS to manage their Market Transformation, But need for mass production/harmonization 17 17 17

Load profiles water heating Kitchen tappings (oC)‏ Shower Bath Bath+shower (simult.)‏ 55ºC 477 239 119 84 69 27 10 6 2 max.single tap (l)‏ 96 48 16 5 4 max.flow (l/min, 60ºC)‏ 4XL 3XL XXL XL L M S XS XXS 20555 10277 5355 4187 2562 1285 465 461 Qload in kWh/a 8x’M’ 16x’M’ 55ºC 35ºC 40ºC Derived from prEN 50440 “electric storage” and EN 13203-2/3 “gas/solar 18 18 18

2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements ‘Water Heaters Efficiency Limits WD1 (February)‏ Limits in Ecodesign (minor exceptions in EPBD)‏ WD2/3 (February)‏ Ecodesign Limits best electric resistance heaters Renewables (electric) for largest Water Heaters (XXL -4XL)‏ EPBD Limits – Requires renewables (but exceptions when not cost effective)‏ 19 19 19

2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements ‘Water Heaters Minimum ‘Specific Efficiency’ (from Model)‏ 40 37 36 32 8 July WD 2/3 44 41 38 31 26 23 18 17 16 29 Feb WD 1 4XL 3XL XXL XL L M S XS XXS 2011 20 20 20

2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements ‘Water Heaters Minimum ‘Specific Efficiency’ (from Model)‏   50 46 39 New buildings 8 July WD 3 45 38 All' 8 July WD 2 EPBD 64 60 40 37 36 32 8 July WD 2/3 92 74 68 58 44 30 27 24 29 Feb WD 1 Ecodesign 4XL 3XL XXL XL L M S XS XXS 2013 21 21 21

2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements ‘Water Heaters Minimum ‘Speific Efficiency’ (from Model)‏   62 56 45 35 new build 86 80 72 50 46 39 All 8 July WD 3 60 55 41 34 8 July WD 2 EPBD 64 40 37 36 32 8 July WD 2/3 92 74 68 58 44 30 27 24 29 Feb WD 1 Ecodesign 2015 22 22 22

2.2 Water Heater Energy Label Classes 28 27 20 17 F 32 30 23 E 36 34 33 26 D 2011 Limit 40 37 29 C 2013 limit -------EPBD (New Build)‏ 64 60 50 46 39 B 2015 EPBD ------- (New Build)‏ 86 80 72 62 56 45 35 A 96 84 76 68 54 38 A+ 120 110 104 92 82 66 55 53 44 A++ BAT 150 140 124 112 98 61 A+++ 4XL 3XL XXL XL L M S XS XXS 23 23 23

2.3 Water Heater – National Installation Limits Partial Harmonization Member States To ensure appropriate sizing Free to set higher installation limits – but should correspond to labelling limits Thus - For any installation building owner should be given a choice of installing water heaters that correspond to certain labelling efficiency/size classes. Free to set their own system elements not in water heater (e.g.insulation of distribution pipes)‏ 24 24 24

2.3 Water Heater – National Installation Limits House 2   House 1 28 27 20 17 F 32 30 23 E 36 34 33 26 D 2011 Limit 40 37 29 C 2013 limit 64 60 50 46 39 B 86 80 72 62 56 45 35 A 96 84 76 68 54 38 A+ 120 110 104 92 82 66 55 53 44 A++ BAT 150 140 124 112 98 61 A+++ 4XL 3XL XXL XL L M S XS XXS 25 25 25

2.4 Water Heater– size Limits Need for size limits Requirements get stricter for larger sizes – incentive to install ‘supersized M’ when XL is needed (particularly important. But Water demand varies over time, meeting standard tapping cycle will give to little hot water on some days. Limits imposed by Member States ensuring ‘appropriate sizing’ Limit on size of water heater in terms of volume (XXS- S)‏ Limit on ability to perform higher tapping cycles (2 size categories)‏ 26 26 26

2.5 Water Heater EPBD– Other possible elements Member States should Centralized/Decentralized Should set rules relating to the choice between centralized and decentralized hot water systems. Building Certificates/Water heater inspection etc. Should include information on the savings from replacing existing water heater with one with efficiency at Class A Minimum level allowed 27 27 27

2.6 Water Heater – conformity Assessment Elements New Modules recently adopted. Large potential savings – need for greater security of results (so Notified bodies, osule A2 etc.)‏ ‘New products’ need for stricter assessment. Possible requirement: Sizes XXS-XS - Module A S – L - A2 or Notified body(B+C)‏ XL -4XL - Notified body(B+C)‏ Not using ‘harmonized standard’ – Notified body Impact assessment Study to look into details 28 28 28

2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure As previously discussed Limits under Ecodesign Requirements or Energy Labelling threshold- Maximum values. Other information (for example the data input defined in Annex IV) margin for production variation of (say) ± [7%]. To be replaced by ‘harmonized methods’ – when developed 29 29 29

2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure Test protocol Test 1 model, if test result exceeds limit, then Test 3 further models There shall be no need to re-test the value of all parameters in the second set of tests, only those that exceed maximum value for the first unit. 30 30 30

2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure Proof of Failure Ecodesign requirements and Energy Labelling Thresholds Test values for the first unit, and average test values for the second set of tests, exceed the limit by Water Heater 4% NOx emissions 4% OR An analysis based on the test error of the relevant test house for the test(s) in question that shows that the probability a correctly declared model, could have had the test results, or worse, is very low. 31 31 31

2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure Proof of Failure Declared values Test values for the first unit, and average test values for the second set of tests, differ from declared value by more than [7%] 32 32 32

2.7 Water Heater Verification Comments 4% to low for Small tapping cycles Nox (at 20 ppm)‏ New standards 33 33 33

See separate presentation 2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV See separate presentation 34 34 34

2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV – Climate variation Adjustment for climate differences implies barriers to trade same product has different rating depending on where installed. Danger of 'Best' driving out the ‘Good’ if optimizing for small climate differences(e.g. of 5%) takes precedence over designing better products (Energy rating bandwidth 15%)‏ 35 35 35

2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV – Climate variation Annex IV base on average EU climate For constant hot Water Load for most products climate variations make only small differences. (NB household with same water demand will need bigger water heater in Finland (cold water 5°C) than in Italy (cold water 15°C)‏ 36 36 36

2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV – Climate variation Possible products with 'large' variation: outside air based heat pumps, in 'Artic' areas temperatures often below 0-5°C, and Solar systems, which will work better in 'Tropical' areas where solar flux is significantly higher (5 kWh/day m² rather than 3 kWh/day m²). High quality solar systems (e.g. with vacuum insulated collectors) will already work well in areas with the lower level of solar flux. 37 37 37

EU climate EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr). 38 -0,5 3 EU climate Heating season temperature & Solar annual EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr). 1,9 3 0,3 3 EE 0,9 3 7,6 3 LT 3,9 3 LI 0,5 3 7,6 3 6,5 3 4,3 3 3 6,7 2,4 3 3 7,4 3 5,6 3 3,6 3 4,5 3 4,6 3 3 6,9 4,6 3 5,6 3 5 9,9 3,8 4 13,5 5,3 3 5 11,3 4 12,9 4 3 Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 & 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008 38 38 13,5 Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC 14,4 5 14,8 5 38

< 15%/Labelling Bandwidth - Use ‘Standard’ rating 2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV – Climate variation Possible strategy Difference between ‘Standard’ and ‘Artic’ and/or ‘Tropical’ rating < 15%/Labelling Bandwidth - Use ‘Standard’ rating > 15%/Labelling Bandwidth - then 'Artic' and or 'Tropical' rating may be used (in Ecodesign,energy Labelling, EPBD Installation requirements)‏ 39 39 39

2.8 Water Heater Climate variation - comments EHI .No climate zones in Ecodesing, acceptabel if needed in NGOs should allow for climate differences 40 40 40

2.8 Water Heater Heat Pump EHI .GWP condition on heat pumps should be dropped NGOs Should have more complete treatment of GWP of Heat Pump fluid. 41 41 41

2.9 Water Heater - Emissions Significant Emissions in use phase of NOx ii) CO iii) Hydrocarbons iv) Particulates But measurement methods unrealistic (steady state)‏ need to develop dynamic measurement methods. apart from NOx – see separate slides 42 42 42

2.9 Water Heater - Emissions NGOs should include Methane But measurement problems 43 43 43

2.10 Water Heater - Scope As before All Electric, Gas, Oil Water Heaters (inc Solar Heat Pump)‏ (Combis, Hot Water Cylinders – willl be dealt with in further Working documents.)‏ Not (yet) covered in annex IV Micro CHP, CO² heat pump, etc. These ‘new’ products to be included when Harmonized standard adopted, or Amendment to annex IV Then transition period (12 months)‏ 44 44 44

2.10 Water Heater - Scope NGOs should WH using waste water OK when measurement methods developed. 45 45 45

2.10 Water Heater - Benchmarks As before Energy efficiency XXS-S A++ S-4XL A+++ NOx Emissions less than 20ppm NGOs Should add benchmarks for GWP (HP fluid refrigerant)‏ Methane leakage 46 46 46

Index Thank you ! 47 47 47