Anonymous Bluetooth Probes for Special Event Traffic Management and Evaluation Airport Security Line Service Time Measurement Darcy Bullock, P.E. Professor School of Civil Engineering Purdue University

Agenda Introductions – Darcy Bullock, Purdue University – Jay Wasson, Indiana Department of Transportation – Jim Sturdevant, Indiana Department of Transportation – Arthur Drenth, DHS – Scot Thaxton,DHS – Domenic Bianchini, DHS Bullock Perception of Context/Problem Statement Example Data from Brickyard 400 Examine floor plan of IND (or DCA) to discuss application Identification of potential social and technical issues Next Step

History Based upon INDOT initiative to measure travel time along freeways and arterials. Wasson, J.S., J.R. Sturdevant, D.M. Bullock, “Real-Time Travel Time Estimates Using MAC Address Matching,” Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal, ITE, Vol. 78, No. 6, pp , June 2008.

Context of Talk We don’t build the fishing poles (private sector is better at that) – We teach people to build them – We are very nimble at proof of concept research to refine design

Problem Statement How we can leverage pervasive consumer electronics to provide accurate real-time estimates of passengers travelling through a security line.

Concepts This is generally a plug flow system. We only need to measure a modest sample to get accurate estimates Continuous system measurement allow pro- active allocation of resources and establishment of quantitative history. Provides fact based information – Analogy to motorists reports vs. reality on delay.

Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) Attendance ~400,000 Seats 257,000 Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 are two largest single day sporting events in world. 1 billion $ economic impact on region IMS

2008 Challenge: Extensive I-465 Construction IMS

Bluetooth Probe Checkpoints

Glossary MAC Address: a 48 bit (>28 trillion) unique address assigned to a device by its manufacturer. Bluetooth: a wireless protocol utilizing short- range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices Class Maximum Power Operating Range Class 1 100mW (20dBm) 100 meters Class 2 2.5mW (4dBm) 10 meters Class 3 1mW (0dBm) 1 meter

Sample from Workshop on 11/21/08

Useful Data Station 1 Address First Detected On Last Detected On Detection Counter 00:17:4b:de:12:569:00:25 PM9:10:02 PM7 00:10:86:e8:56:149:00:44 PM 1 00:1a:dc:b9:78:539:00:44 PM9:01:23 PM3 00:1a:dc:b7:0c:b79:04:18 PM9:04:52 PM3 00:17:e3:3a:b7:8a9:04:52 PM 1 00:1a:dc:b3:d2:ca9:05:14 PM9:06:31 PM5 00:18:af:e1:84:509:05:48 PM 1 00:1c:c1:7b:b7:069:06:09 PM 1 00:c0:1b:04:d6:9d9:06:09 PM9:07:10 PM4 00:1e:45:69:4d:1f9:06:48 PM 1 00:1c:cc:90:12:d79:10:24 PM 1 00:15:b9:d2:82:e29:12:45 PM 1 00:18:c5:ac:50:c39:14:09 PM9:14:29 PM2 00:1c:d4:8f:e5:7a9:14:29 PM 1 Station 2 Address First Detected On Last Detected On Detection Counter 00:10:86:e8:56:149:05:44 PM 1 00:1e:45:69:4d:1f9:12:00 PM 1 00:c0:1b:04:d6:9d9:12:15 PM9:12:35 PM4 00:15:b9:d2:82:e29:18:40 PM 1

First-First Last-Last LAST- LAST First- First

Estimated Travel Time Example Not always a trivial distinction…some thought needs to be given to geometrics/physics

Bluetooth MAC Address Concept

Typical Data Collection Sites 5 INDOT Stations3 Portable UMD Stations Bluetooth Antenna at Site I-2 Battery powered unit at Site I-1 Blimp

Bluetooth MAC Address Data (654,876 Records)

Theory  Practice

I-465 Corridor to North Arterial I1,I2,A1

SB I2-I1 Segment (~2 miles) Travel Time (S) 578 unique probe samples

Northbound Travel Time (S) Southbound Travel Time (S) Friday evening incident IMS Traffic arriving at A1 from I1 IMS Traffic departing from A1 to I1 I-465 Corridor to North Arterial I1I2A1 after Details Next Slide

A closer look at I1-I2 between 1830 and 1853 on race day Transient spike in NB travel Time observed over ~23 minutes with ~ 70 probes Northbound Travel Time (S) Southbound Travel Time (S)

I-465 Corridor to South Arterial I1,I2, I3,A2

I-465 Corridor to South Arterial I1,I2,I3,A2 before Northbound Travel Time (S) Southbound Travel Time (S) Northbound Travel time from A2 to I1 Northbound Travel time from I3 to I1 Southbound Travel time from I1 to I3 Southbound Travel time from I1 to A2

Northbound Travel Time (S) Southbound Travel Time (S) Friday evening incident, Southbound Travel time from I1 to I3 triples IMS Traffic arriving from I1 to A2 IMS Traffic departing from A2 to I1 Northbound Travel time from I3 to I1 I-465 Corridor to South Arterial I1,I2,I3,A2 after

Agenda Introductions Bullock Perception of Context/Problem Statement Example Data from Brickyard 400 Examine floor plan of IND (or DCA) to discuss application Identification of potential social and technical issues Next Step

Pre Security, Option 1: Antenna in Window or Walkway

Pre Security, Option 2: Entry to Each Security Check bs_B bs_A

After security, Candidate Locations as_B as_A

Photos of After security Candidate Locations

DCA would likely require 4 before and 4 after locations

Agenda Introductions Bullock Perception of Context/Problem Statement Example Data from Brickyard 400 Examine floor plan of IND (or DCA) to discuss application Identification of potential social and technical issues Next Step

Potential Technical Issues and Social/Political Technical – 110 VAC Power – IP Communication (desirable, not essential) – Antenna placement (some experimentation) Social/Privacy – Data destruction policy – Perhaps disclose, tell people how to opt in/opt out (University Research is a great vehicle to provide arms length experimentation) – Perhaps provide opportunity to opt in and track historical times

Agenda Introductions Bullock Perception of Context/Problem Statement Example Data from Brickyard 400 Examine floor plan of IND (or DCA) to discuss application Identification of potential social and technical issues Next Step

Study at IND Meet at IND Study at DCA Meet at DCA (perhaps Jan 10 or Jan 14) Are there opportunities for Purdue to submit a proposal