Sweet Cherry Motaz Shahror 11211689

Taxonomy of cherry Plantae Kingdom Tracheophyta Phylum Magnoliopsida Class Rosales Order Rosaceae Family Prunus Genus Avium subgenus P.avium Species Binomial name Prunus avium

Origin and cultivation P. avium originated in the area between the Black and Caspian seas of Asia Minor Cultivation probably began with Greeks, and was perpetuated by Romans (this lead to the spread throughout Europe)

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Plant Vigorous tree with strong apical control with an erect-pyramidal canopy shape, capable of reaching 50 ft. In cultivation, sweet cherries are maintained 12-15 ft in height. Perennial woody crop Deciduous fruit tree Botanically : Dicot plant

Cherry Trees

Bark The cherry tree has reddish brown bark with rows or patches of horizontal markings called lenticels

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Leaf Cherry leaves are dark green in color and alternately arranged along the stem.  The simple leaves are 2 to 6 inches long with a finely toothed margin.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION flower White, with long pedicels racemose clusters of 2-5 flowers on short spurs with multiple buds at tips distal bud is vegetative and continues spur growth Flower type is dicot perfect Ovary position is half- inferior( perigynous )with a distinct hypanthium

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION flower Sweet cherry flower

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Pollination  sweet cherries are self-incompatible and need a high degree of fruit set (25-50%) for a commercial crop.  there is a high degree of cross-incompatibility Honey bees are the main pollinator

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Fruits A drupe; ½” to 1 1/4″, round or heart-shaped, with long pedicel attached and encloses a single seed Fruit is borne on short spurs that arise from older wood. Sweet cherries require only about 2-3 months for fruit development. Thinning is unnecessary.

Cherry Fruits

GENERAL CULTURE Cultivation Begins In Late Winter ,Early Spring Flowering Start’s In Spring Fruit Set start at early summer

GENERAL CULTURE Soils and Climate Deep, well-drained, gravelly to sandy loam soils are best Flooded or wet, heavy soils slow growth and reduce productivity. Sweet cherry – cooler, drier climates Chilling requirements – about 1000-1500 hr. Brown rot is also extremely bad on cherries, and is worsened by high humidity and rainfall near harvest.

GENERAL CULTURE Propagation Cherries are T-budded onto rootstocks during late summer and forced to grow the next season.

GENERAL CULTURE Rootstocks most sweet cherries are grown on Mazzard Tree densities -standard rootstocks = 100 trees/acre, Gisela rootstocks hundreds of trees per acre Spacing – 30-35 ft apart in straight rows

GENERAL CULTURE Pruning – central leader or modified central leader, high density systems Pruning start at late winter , early spring

Sweet Cherry cultivars Bing A large, black, firm, good-quality cherry susceptible to cracking. Bing originated in the Pacific Coast region and is a major cultivar in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia.

Sweet Cherry cultivars Lamberts Lamberts are a dark red, heart-shaped fruit that is similar in size to the Bing. A rich, sweet flavor has kept this variety popular. It typically matures one week later than the Bing, and is available from late June to early August.

Sweet cherry cultivars Chelan Cherries The leading early-ripening sweet cherry of the Pacific Northwest. Fruit ripens two weeks ahead of Bing, yet resembles Bing with firm, round, heart-shaped fruit of good size. The best deep, mahogany red cherry before Bing and less susceptible to rain-cracking.

Harvest ,Post Harvest Handling Maturity Traditionally, color change and soluble solids content are used to signal maturity “fruit removal force” has been used more recently This is based on the progressive abscission of the fruit from the pedicel starting about 2 weeks before maturity. 

Nutrition Value's 100 g Sweet cherry Vitamin A 2.2 Thiamin, B1 3.6 Niacin Vitamin C 22.2 Calcium 2.8 Phosphorus 2.4 Iron 4.0 Sodium — Potassium 4.1 100g Sweet cherry Water (%) 80 Calories 70 Protein (%) 1.3 Fat (%) 0.3 Carbohydrates (%) 17 Crude Fiber (%) < 1

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