1 Chapter 21 Psychosocial Development in Adults © Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmun, J.C.. Understanding Motor Development. McGraw-Hill

2 Key Concept The Level of Adult Physical Activity Affects Their Psychosocial States; In Turn, Factors Such As Self-concept and Peer Relationships Influence Their Commitment to a Physically Active Lifestyle

3 Erikson’s Stages of Adult Psychosocial Development (Table 21.1) Each of his 8 stages center on conflict resolution, the final 3 on adult transitions) -Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-25) -Generativity vs. Self-absorption (25-65) -Integrity vs. Despair (65>)

4 Levinson’s Life Structure Theory (Figure 21.1) Underlying adult life patterns, focus on 2 choices: marriage & family, & career Four overlapping eras/”seasons” of life - Child and adolescence (0–22) -Early adulthood (17-45) -Middle adulthood (40-65) -Older adulthood (60>) Periods of overlap represent transition times from one era to another -Transition times may be crisis times -Transition times can be growth times

5 Psychological Factors and Aging Chronic physical activity positively affects: -Sense of well-being (improved mood state & self-esteem) -Body image (improved subjective impressions of self) -Locus of control (improved internal locus of control) -Mood state (reduced depression through structured group activity)

6 Socialization Factors and Aging Two perspectives -Activity theory (increased need for social interaction & continued physical activity) -Disengagement theory (reduced social interaction & increased separation from society)

7 Hypothesized Phases of Retirement (Figure 21.2) I. Remote phase pre-retirement II. Near phase _________________________________ retirement III. Honeymoon phase IV. Disenchantment phase V. Reorientation phase VI. Stability phase VII. Termination phase

8 Retirement (Table 21.2) Which is it: Increased activity or reduced social interaction? -Problem: awareness of physical activity benefits vs. Actual participation (90% are aware but only 30% participate) -Ageism (positive/negative stereotyping & discrimination)

9 Motor Markers for Successful Aging (Figure 21.3) Maintaining good health & avoiding disease Maintaining physical functioning for everyday activities Continued engagement in a variety of cognitive & physical activities

10 Concluding Concept Lifestyle Characteristics Can Represent Important Determinants of Longevity and Successful Aging