Briefing to EOH3202 Occupational Health and Study Guide for Week 1-7 PJJ Bacelor Sains Sumber Manusia (Pembangunan) 02 Mar 2013 Emilia Zainal Abidin Jabatan Kesihatan Persekitaran dan Pekerjaan, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan

Pakar Rujuk Anda Emilia Zainal Abidin (BSc. Biochem, MSc. Com Health, PhD Environ Med) Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone No.:

Course Synopsis This course will include a discussion about the health, safety and welfare of employees and the organization and functions. Health problems caused by disease agents associated with the various types of work will be developed further.

Course Synopsis (Cont.) This course also provides exposure to workers' compensation issues as well as stress and violence at work. In addition, occupational health principles, principles of prevention and control measures are also discussed in detail.

Course Objectives To correlate occupational health services and the role played by the government and other institutions in the field of occupational health in Malaysia (C5, TS) To identify the source of exposure to biological, chemicals and physical agents and its hazardous effects to workers health and to control and manage the hazards (A4, LL) To understand the details of the diseases that can be found in the workplace (P4, CS)

Never mind the course objectives, but the most important point, how will I be assessed?

Course Assessment Assessment for this course is divided into: (i)Overall Continuous Assessment 30 %  Assignment 1 (group work) 10 %  Assignment 2 (individual) 20 % (ii)Mid-term Examination 30 % (i) + (ii)60% (ii)Final Examination 40% Overall Total 100%

So far any questions?

Assignments Topics for Group Assignment [10%] Divide yourselves into a group of 10. Select any ONE [1] of the following topic for research and write-up of report. Students are requested to search for information from reference books and from other sources available on relevant websites. 1.Identify all relevant hazards in a semi-conductor manufacturing sector/industry and methods (suggestions) to manage and control only THREE [3] major hazards which have been identified. Tip: The management and control of hazards should be described in terms of hierarchy of control (Unit 4 page 36 in module)

Explain hazards in terms of these: Physical: elevated objects, noise, high voltage, mechanical injury Chemical: hydrocarbon under pressure, toxic materials, solvents Biological: virus, needle stick injury Ergonomic: poor body posture, carry heavy weights, repetitive work Psychosocial: stress or violence at the workplace

Use the hierarchy of hazard control for your report

Individual assignments Topics for Individual Assignment 1 [5%] ◦ Video Viewing of “One Night in Bhopal” ◦ Please answer the given quiz and submit by the 4 th week of this semester Topics for Individual Assignment 2 [10%] (SCL) ◦ Submit your answers by the end of week 6 Topics for Individual Assignment 3 [5%] (SCL) ◦ Submit your answers by the end of week 13

Main References Aw, T.C., Gardiner, K. & Harrington, J.M. (2007). Pocket Consultant: Occupational Health. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. La Dou, J. (2007). Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sadhra, S.S. & Rampal, K.G. (1999). Occupational Health: Risk Assessment and Management. Blackwell Science. Buku Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Buku Akta Kilang dan Jentera1967.

Other References National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. (2004). Overtime and Extended Work Shifts: Recent Findings on Illness, Injuries and Health Behaviours. Washington: DHHS (NIOSH). Lingard, H & Rowlinson, S. (2005). Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Project Management. Oxon: Spon Press.

What will happen without good occupational health governance? Bhopal tragedy, India ◦ December 1984, a highly toxic gas was leaked from a pesticide plant in city ◦ Winds spread the poison through a densely populated area ◦ Many died instantly, others as they tried to flee, more than 20,000 people died in total in the aftermath of the leak 16

Bhopal and Union Carbide 17

Recent tragedies Chernobyl nuclear disaster, Kiev, Ukraine ◦ April 26, 1986, a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant experienced a catastrophic failure ◦ Resulted in the worst nuclear power disaster in history ◦ due to a flawed reactor design and poorly trained plant personnel ◦ Amount of radiation released was at least 100 X that of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs combined 18

Chernobyl 19

Bright Sparklers fireworks explosion at Sungai Buloh Tragedy happened in 7 th May, 1991 Fireworks factory and fire killed 22 people and injured 103 others Bright Sparklers Sdn. Bhd violated many laws to carry out dangerous operation Commission found that legislations pertaining to siting, construction, maintenance and operations of the factory were not adhered to 20

What is Occupational Health? Definition 1: Occupational Health is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs ◦ (ILO-WHO 1950) Definition 2 - Occupational Health is the maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity, improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health and the Development of work organisation and working culture – safe, healthy and enhance productivity ◦ (ILO-WHO Committee on Occupational Health 1955)

What would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional (Figure 1). Buried by mill scale at pier What improvements would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional? 22 (Figure 1) (Figure 2)

Around 8.45 am on February 24, 2012 a fatal accident occurred at Port Klang, Selangor involving a Bangladeshi employee who worked with the cleaning contractor During the accident, the victim was collecting mill scale that has spilled on the pier floor under the path of the wharf crane (capacity 20 tons), which, at the time was unloading the mill scale from vessels into the hopper on the pier (Figure 1). While the grab bucket used to transport the mill scale passing through the area where the victim was working, grab bucket had opened suddenly and cause the load carried to fall and buried the victim below (Figure 2). Victim died on the way to the hospital. OH accidents: Example Buried by Mill Scale At Pier 23

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control [HIRARC] should be done more thoroughly ◦ Cleaning work should not be performed while the grab bucket was operating ◦ Safe work procedures Supervision over a work Investigation should be carried out on every near missed incident and dangerous occurrences The causes of these incidents, particularly those involving mechanical failure of a machine must be identified Activities such as scheduled maintenance and inspection of machineries should be performed OH accidents: Example pier 24

Self-learning Mid semester’s test Based on Unit 1-11 Self-learning according to the given module

26 Success is in your hands!