The role of invertebrates in agriculture Pollination: Decomposition: Soil aeration:

The role of invertebrates in agriculture Pollination This is the transfer of pollen by a pollinator from the male parts of a flower to the female parts of a flower, of the same species. Which results in: Fertilisation reproduction of the seeds and fruit.

Which insects are the best pollinators? Many different species of insects are pollinators: butterflies moths ants flies beetles the most well known are bees Bees spend most of their lifes colleting pollen, a source of protein they feed to their developing offspring. The most commonly used pollinator in agriculture is the honey bee, from Europe.

How are crops pollinated? Long ago farmers where dependent on wild bees, the bees where attracted to the area by the installation of hives. in recent times the increasing size of fields, orchads and monocultures has led to crops needing managed pollination. Pollination management: agricultural practices that ensures the pollination of crops so that the yield and quility improves. Crops that are pollinated by insects: most fruit crops, many vegetables, edible oilseed, nuts, coffee and cocoa

Decomposition All living organisms will eventually die, and go through this process, becoming a source of nutrition for other organisms. Decomposition: a biological process that includes the physical and chemical breakdown of complex molecules of dead material. Decomposers : Invertebrates like beetels larvae and worms feed on organic matter in the soil breaking it down. (mainly plant matter, dead roots, leaves) = known as detritus a stable form of organic matter is formed called humus, which improves the texture of soil and adds nutrients to it.

Continued.. Micro-organisms complete the breakdown process and release excess nutrients (N - nitrogen, P - phosphorus, S-sulfer) into the soil, in a form that the primary producers can use. Nothing in nature goes to waist

Soil aeration How do earthworms improve soil aeration and drainage? Their extensive burrowing loosens and aerates the soil which improves drainage, by creating passageways for air and water. Organic and mineral constituents are excreted in the form of worm casts, improves drainage Their tunnels work as pistons, forcing air through their tunnels as they move, aerating soils. The worm tunnels allow roots to penetrate deeper into the soil, where they can reach extra nutrients and moisture.