LICHTMAN, MCCLARY, SADLER, & SOPER Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

The Theorist: Howard Gardner Student at Harvard University (1961) Research Psychologist Professor at Harvard University Co-developer of the GoodWork Project Author of numerous books on brain development

The Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Musical Logical-Mathematical Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Naturalist (1999)

Characteristics of the Theory Developed the theory in 1983 A rejection of the idea that there is a “general” intelligence Intelligences are based upon: genetics, culture, excellence of instruction and motivation of an individual Intelligences based more on ability and performance Intelligences may be improved Intelligences evolve over time

How to test Multiple Intelligences Online tests & personal surveys Paper-Pencil tests Performance Tasks

Gardner vs. the IQ Test IQ tests are widely used and generally accepted across disciplines They measure “g,” or the general intelligence factor What does one’s “g” really say?

Constructivism “Learning is an active process during which students create understanding and meaning by using past experiences and prior knowledge.” -Brian McClary

Methods Educational activities should reflect personal characteristics of students (i.e. academic strengths and weaknesses, culture, interests, etc.) Assessments should also be diverse, inclusive UDL

Integrating Technology Remember that everyone has MULTIPLE intelligences.  Every lesson cannot include accommodations for all eight learning styles.  Try to include at least one of a student’s “top three” per lesson.

Integrating Technology: Words and Logic Verbal-Linguistic  Natural Readers Natural Readers  Dragon Dictation (Phone App) Logical-Mathematical  Virtual Math Manipulatives Virtual Math Manipulatives  Databases, spreadsheets, strategy/critical thinking software

Integrating Technology: Sight and Songs Visual-Spatial  Visuwords Visuwords  DVDs, CDs, Blu-rays, Computers Musical  Virtual Keyboard Virtual Keyboard  Contemporary music

Integrating Technology: Together and Alone Interpersonal  Skype Skype  Blogs, , chat programs, texting Intrapersonal  Quiz Hub Quiz Hub  Inspiration, Internet Research, Blogs

Integrating Technology: Movement and Nature Kinesthetic  Online Stopwatch Online Stopwatch  Virtual Field Trips, Wii Games Naturalistic  Google Earth Google Earth  National Geographic Kids National Geographic Kids  Virtual Aquariums, Virtual Field Trips

Integrating Technology: The Overlap Power Play Blogs Virtual Field Trips Word Processors Games Interactive Technology

Critics Say… It is hard to “Prove” MI theory Are the intelligences really independent of one another? There is still no real test for the intelligences The MIDAS test has 2 major flaws 1) Not a performance test 2) Assumes intrapersonal intelligence

Critics Say… The theory has helped educators It has helped students  SAT scores appeared to improve  There was an increase in parental participation  There also appeared to be greater discipline

Future of Multiple Intelligences… We cannot see the intelligences now… However, if we could, we would know more!  Ability to designate neural circuitry Computers represent a complication  Programmer vs. Program vs. User of Program Also there could be more intelligences added  Existential Intelligence  Moral Intelligence  Spiritual Intelligence

References Johnson, Larry & Lamb, Annette. Technology and Multiple Intelligences. Accessed at New Horizons for Learning and America Tomorrow, Inc. How Technology Enhances Howard Gardner’s Eight Intelligences. Accessed at Smith, Mark K. (2008). Howard Gardner: Multiple Intelligences and Education. In Infed. Retrieved from Worcester, Tammy. Multiple Intelligences & Technology. Accessed at