Turning at Intersections Topic 3 Lesson 1 Turning at Intersections Right Turn Approach to Intersection Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight Speed Adjustment Lane Position Turning Reference Point Courtesy Considerations Target T – 4.18

Turning at Intersections Topic 3 Lesson 1 Left Turn Approach to Intersection Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight Speed Adjustment Lane Position Turning Reference Point Courtesy Considerations T – 4.19

Lane Changes Traffic Check Effective Communication Appropriate Gap Topic 3 Lesson 2 Lane Changes Traffic Check Effective Communication Appropriate Gap Reduced-Risk Decision Courtesy Considerations Steering Input Lane Position Recheck Traffic Establish Space Visual checks for lane change to the LEFT. check zones ahead (zones 1 and 2) check zones to the rear (zones 4 and 6) BLIND SPOT Visual checks for lane change to the RIGHT. check zones ahead (zones 1 and 3) check zones to the rear (zones 5 and 6) BLIND SPOT T – 4.20

Rear-View Mirror Setting Topic 3 Lesson 2 Rear-View Mirror Setting Traditional and Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Setting Rear-View Mirror T – 4.21

Traditional Mirror Settings Topic 3 Lesson 3 Traditional Mirror Settings Right Side Mirror View Rear Mirror View Left Side Mirror View T – 4.22

Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Settings Topic 3 Lesson 3 Right Side Mirror View 15º Rear Mirror View 15º Left Side Mirror View T – 4.23

Turning Around Back into driveway on right side Two-Point Turns Topic 4 Lesson 1 Turning Around Two-Point Turns Approach Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight Reference Points Speed Control Lane Position Courtesy Considerations 1 Back into driveway on right side 2 Check traffic flow. Signal and position the vehicle 2-3 feet from curb. Drive beyond the driveway and stop. Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path of travel. Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you enter driveway. Straighten wheels, centering car in driveway and stop with the wheels straight. Signal left and exit driveway when the way is clear. 3 T – 4.24

Turning Around Pull into driveway on left side Two-Point Turns Topic 4 Lesson 1 Two-Point Turns Approach Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight Reference Points Speed Control Lane Position Courtesy Considerations 1 Pull into driveway on left side Check traffic flow. Signal and position your vehicle 3-6 inches from center yellow line. When traffic is clear, pull into the driveway and stop. Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path. Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you exit driveway. Straighten wheels, centering car in proper lane. Shift into Drive. Check traffic and accelerate to normal speed. 2 3 T – 4.25

Turning Around Topic 4 Lesson 1 Three-point Turn 2 4 1 3 5 Approach Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight References Speed Control Lane Position Courtesy Considerations NOTE: The safest way to change direction is to drive around the block! T – 4.26

Angle Parking Topic 5 Lesson 1 Parking at a 30 Degree Angle to the Curb Signal intention and position vehicle 3-5 feet from the space in which the vehicle is to be parked. Move forward until the steering wheel is aligned with the first pavement line. Visually target the middle of the parking space and turn the wheel sharply at a slow, controlled speed. Steer toward the target in the center of the space to straighten the wheels and stop when the front bumper is 3-6 inches from the curb. T – 4.27

Perpendicular Parking Topic 5 Lesson 1 Perpendicular Parking Parking at a 90 Degree Angle to the Curb Signal intention and position the vehicle 5 – 6 feet away from the space. Move forward until the driver’s body is aligned with the first pavement line. Visually target the center of the parking space and turn the wheel rapidly while controlling speed. Steer towards the target and straighten the wheels. Position the front bumper 3 – 6 inches from the curb. T – 4.28

Parallel Parking Parking Parallel to the Curb Topic 5 Lesson 1 Parking Parallel to the Curb Select a space that is at least five feet longer than your vehicle. Flash your brake lights and put on your turn signal as you approach the space. Monitor the traffic to the rear. Place your vehicle 2 – 3 feet from the vehicle you want to park behind with back bumpers even. Put your vehicle in Reverse. Back slowly and turn the steering wheel sharply. Stop when your steering wheel is aligned with the back bumper of the front vehicle. Continue backing slowly while steering sharply in the opposite direction. Use quick glances to the front and rear. Center the vehicle in the space. Wheels should be 6 – 12 inches from the curb. T – 4.29

Hill Parking Topic 5 Lesson 1 When parking on a hill, you need to take special precautions to ensure your vehicle will not roll into the street and into traffic. Down Hill Up Hill + Curb Up Hill - Curb Approach Communication Target Areas Path of Travel Line of Sight Speed Adjustment Lane Position Reference Points Courtesy Considerations T – 4.30

Processing Information Topic 1 Lesson 1 Visibility is critical to the SEEiT Space Management System The driver must: SEARCH for objects or conditions; EVALUTE the path ahead for alternate paths of travel; and EXECUTE any needed adjustments in speed or position in Time More detailed information on SEEiT system may be reviewed in Module 4. T – 5.2

Field of Vision Area a Driver Can See While Looking Straight Ahead Topic 1 Lesson 2 Area a Driver Can See While Looking Straight Ahead Viewing Path of Travel Central Vision Focus Vision Targeting (Reading Signs) Peripheral Vision Motion & Color Changes 90 percent of driving decisions are based on information gathered with the eyes. T – 5.3

Topic 1 Lesson 2 Search Practices Where to search involves identifying objects or conditions that increase your level of risk and adjusting your speed or vehicle position in time to minimize these risks. When to search involves systematically scanning the driving environment. The defensive driver constantly monitors the conditions around the vehicle, especially before initiating any maneuver How to search involves looking in a pattern that goes from 20 – 30 seconds ahead of the vehicle to the dashboard, as well as to the left, right, and to the rear of the vehicle. T – 5.4

Searching Looking for Clues from Other Drivers Position of Vehicle Topic 1 Lesson 2 Looking for Clues from Other Drivers Actions of the Driver Distractions Cell Phone Passengers Lost Impaired Vehicle Signals Turning Backing Hazard Lights Hand Signals Headlights Horn Brake Lights Position of Vehicle Speed of Vehicle T – 5.5

Managing Visual Searches Topic 1 Lesson 2 20- to 30-Second Search Area Search far ahead to identify potential conflicts Objects in Path of Travel Limitations to Line of Sight Target Area 20- to 30-sec. 12- to 15-sec. 4- to 8-sec. T – 5.6

Managing Visual Searches Topic 1 Lesson 2 12- to 15-Second Search Area Search for Closed or Changing Path of Travel Identify an Alternate Path of Travel or a Safe Stopping Zone Evaluate Open Zones to the Sides and Rear 12- to 15-sec. 20- to 30-sec. 4- to 8-sec. T – 5.6a

Managing Visual Searches Topic 1 Lesson 2 Managing Visual Searches 4- to 8-Second Search Area Immediate Path of Travel Direct Response Area Stopping Zone and Following Interval 20- to 30-sec. 4- to 8-sec. 12- to 15-sec. T – 5.7

Determining Following Intervals Topic 1 Lesson 2 Determining Following Intervals Two second following interval at speeds less than 35 mph allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces designed for use if there is an alternate path of travel Alternate Path of Travel Four second following interval at speeds up to 65 mph allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces allows the driver time to stop before problem areas on dry surfaces T – 5.8

Visual Search Categories Topic 1 Lesson 3 Visual Search Categories Traffic Controls Motor Vehicles Non-Motorized Users Roads T – 5.9

Processing Highway Conditions Topic 1 Lesson 3 Processing Highway Conditions Intersections Roadway Structure Width Curbing Curves Slopes Highway Conditions Roadway Features Shoulders Affixed Objects Adjacent Buildings Roadway Surface Roughness Slick Wet Leaves Mud Sand Atmosphere Illumination Glare Precipitation Wind/Noise T – 5.10

Processing TRAFFIC CONTROL Devices Topic 1 Lesson 3 Signs Regulatory Warning Guide RR Sensory Input to the Brain Interchanges Signals Stop/Go Lane Usage Flashing Unmarked Intersections Roadway Markings Passing Traffic Flow Crosswalks T – 5.11

Motor Vehicles Type Road Handling Characteristics Topic 1 Lesson 3 Motor Vehicles Drivers must understand the handling characteristics of other motor vehicles sharing the roadway. Type Automobile SUV Camper Pick-up Motor Home Motorcycle Farm Machines Tractor-Trailer Road Handling Characteristics T – 5.12

Non-Motorized Users… present special processing challenges Bicycles Topic 1 Lesson 3 present special processing challenges Bicycles Animals KIND AND SIZE NUMBERS AGE OF RIDER ACTIVITY RIDER ABILITY In-Line Skates, Skateboards Pedestrians T – 5.13

Positioning the Vehicle Topic 1 Lesson 4 Vehicle Placement is Critical for Establishing a Good Visual Field Controlling Space to the Front Lane Position Staggered Stops T – 5.14

Maintaining Space/Visibility to the Front Topic 1 Lesson 4 Three ways to control space in front of the vehicle: 1. Time your Arrival – adjust speed early to avoid unnecessary braking, stops, and to conserve fuel 2. Forward Placement at an Intersection – maintain a position that allows you to monitor the intersection 3. Following Interval -- control space while in motion to establish a space cushion and open line of sight T – 5.14a

Lane Position Topic 1 Lesson 4 Create Space and Improve Visibility by Adjusting the Position of the Vehicle in the Lane Lane Positions – 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Within Lane Positions Straddle Lane Positions LP 4 LP 2 LP 1 LP 3 LP 5 T – 5.15

Stop your vehicle (RED car) behind the white stop bar Topic 1 Lesson 4 Staggered Stops Improving Visibility and Creating Space for a Truck Making a Left Turn Stop your vehicle (RED car) behind the white stop bar Select Lane Position 3 to give the truck as much space as possible T – 5.16