Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Health Effects of Pesticides on the Nervous System

Pesticide Induced Signs and Symptoms Pesticide Induced Signs and Symptoms Paresthesias Paresthesias Headache Headache Behavioral-mood disturbances Behavioral-mood disturbances Depression/stupor/ coma/respiratory failure Depression/stupor/ coma/respiratory failure Seizures Seizures Muscle twitching Muscle twitching Tetany, carpopedal spasms Tetany, carpopedal spasms Tremor Tremor Incoordination/ataxia Incoordination/ataxia Paresis, muscle weakness Paresis, muscle weakness Hypotensive shock Hypotensive shock Hypertension Hypertension

Paresthesias Paresthesias Pyrethroids- cyno group (I) – facial Pyrethroids- cyno group (I) – facial Organophosphates (I) Organophosphates (I) Organochlorines (I) Organochlorines (I) Phosphides (R) Phosphides (R) Thiobendazole (Asc) Thiobendazole (Asc) Nicotine (late) Nicotine (late) Inorganic arsenicals (I) Inorganic arsenicals (I) Organic mercury (F) Organic mercury (F) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Thallium – painful (R) Thallium – painful (R) Facial - TransitoryExtremities

Headache Headache a common health outcome of pesticide exposure OP-Carbamates (I) OP-Carbamates (I) Nicotine (I) Nicotine (I) Metallic compounds (F): mercury, cadmium, copper, organotin Metallic compounds (F): mercury, cadmium, copper, organotin Thallium (R) Thallium (R) Fluoride (I) Fluoride (I) Borates (I) Borates (I) Naphthalene (moth balls) Naphthalene (moth balls) Phosphine (Fum) Phosphine (Fum) Halocarbon fumigants Halocarbon fumigants Creosote (wood preservative) Creosote (wood preservative) Diquat (H) Diquat (H) Cholecalciferol (R) Cholecalciferol (R) Cyanamid (Fum) Cyanamid (Fum)

Behavioral-mood disturbances Behavioral-mood disturbances confusion, excitement, mania, disorientation, emotional lability Organic mercury (F) Organic mercury (F) Inorganic arsenicals (F) Inorganic arsenicals (F) Organotin cmpds (F) Organotin cmpds (F) Thallium (R) Thallium (R) Nicotine (I) Nicotine (I) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Diquat (H) Diquat (H) Cyanide (Fum) Cyanide (Fum) Nitrophenols (H) Nitrophenols (H) Aminopyridine (bird bait) Aminopyridine (bird bait) Methylbromide (Soil fumigant - potatoes) Methylbromide (Soil fumigant - potatoes) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum)

Depression, Stupor, Coma, Respiratory Failure without Convulsions Organophosphates (OP’s) Organophosphates (OP’s) Carbamates Carbamates Sodium Fluoride (Fum) Sodium Fluoride (Fum) Borate Borate Diquat Diquat

Rodenticides Strychnine – (R) Crimidine – (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Cyamide – (R) Thallium – (R) Insecticides Organochlorines (I) Nicotine (I) Fluoride (I) Fluoride (I) Chlorobenzilate (Asc) Chlorobenzilate (Asc) Metaldehyde –(slug bait) Fumigants Fumigants Acrylonitrile (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Phosphine (Fum) Herbicides Herbicides Sodium chlorate (H) Endothall (H) Disinfectants Disinfectants Povidone-iodine (D) Hexachlorophene (D) DEET (repellant) DEET (repellant) R-Rodenticide I-Insecticide D-Disinfectant Asc-Ascaride Fum-Fumigant H-Herbicide F- Fungicide Seizures Seizures

Involuntary Muscle Movements OP’s OP’s Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum) Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum) Organic mercury Organic mercury Thallium Thallium OPs OPs Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Metaldehyde (slug bait) Metaldehyde (slug bait) Borates (roach and ant control) Borates (roach and ant control) Fasciculations Tremors

Incoordination & Muscle Weakness Halocarbon fumigants Halocarbon fumigants Ops Ops Carbamates Carbamates Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Nicotine Nicotine Thallium Thallium Inorganic arsenicals Inorganic arsenicals OP’s OP’s Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Ataxia – Incoordination Paralysis/Paresis

Neurological Effects on the Circulatory System Thallium (early) Thallium (early) Nicotine (early) Nicotine (early) OP’s OP’s Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphides Phosphides Phosphine Phosphine Sodium fluoride Sodium fluoride Sodium chlorate Sodium chlorate Borate Borate Thallium Thallium Endothall Endothall Cyanamide Cyanamide HypertensionHypotensive Shock