Wind Farm Term Project: Team Windbreakers Members: Ross Belkofer James Rayo Natalie Sample Alex Styborski Garrett Brown Dylan Warner

Executive Summary  Statement of the Problem  Background  Method of Solution  Results  Discussion and Conclusions

Background Introduction   History of Development of the Wind Turbine in this Project   Choices in Wind Farm Design   What the future holds…

Introduction   An off-shore wind farm could have benefits but also many issues related to the planning and building of it. The General Electric is the turbine used in this presentation.   Issues to address:   Where will this wind turbine be located and what is its purpose?   Obtaining consent for construction and other legal issues concerning the project.   Is safety a concern in the building and use of this wind turbine?

History   Introduced in 2010   Relatively new wind turbine   General Electric is a global leader of wind turbines around the world [Figure 1: GE symbol(2012)]

Choice in Wind Turbine   General Electric’s proven technology   The 4.0 MW offshore wind turbine delivers a reliable, cost-effective, high-performance solution   Offshore capability to generate a multitude of energy   Permanent magnet generator delivers high efficiency even at low wind speeds   Replaces gearboxes with reliable components designed for offshore turbines

What the Future Holds   The offshore wind industry is maturing and growing   From a 1.5 GW base in 2008 to a forecasted 30 GW base in 2020   Wind power will be more dependent   “Powering the world… responsibly.”

Statement of the Problem  To construct the offshore wind turbine within the constraints of: o The Construction Schedule o The Budget o The Environment (Oceanic Surface) o Abiding to safety regulations

Why solve the problem?   Quality of Life o Cheaper for local people o Healthier more responsible alternative  Construction o Material measurements precise i.e. concrete, machine use o Stick to construction schedule  Protection of Environment o No emission of carbon dioxide o Animal life - no chance of oil spills o Ozone layer o Not burning fossil fuels o Alternative energy o Clean

Mission and Objectives Key Factors: o o Location o o Turbine Type / Amount o o Cost o o Time “Our General Electric Offshore Wind Turbine will efficiently produce and store clean energy to power various sources off the coast of Maine.” Mission:

Iterative design Develop the Solutions Define the problems Implement and test the solutions Observe and evaluate design

Design   Location in relation to environment   Type of turbine   Distance from shore   Codes zoning   Wave patterns and depth of water (Nautical Chart)   Weather

Construction Planning   Weather   Materials/transportation   Workers   Legal consideration permits/consent   Equipment rental   Budget   Timeline   Safety

Scope Surrounding environment Marine life Weather Wave patterns Properties of water Cost Energy

About the GE OFFSHORE TURBINE Horizontal Axis Turbine For cost efficiency gearboxes were replaced with slow speed components for the offshore environment Safety and Maintenance Advantages Open nacelle and easy access to the core hub Automatic Lubrication Process Self generated and has redundant operation systems Low operating cost Efficient power to energy ratio [Figure 1: GE Offshore Turbine (2008)]

Power Curve Rated Power Capacity : 4 MW Rated Power produced in 1 hour = 4 MWh Rated Power produced in 1 year = 35,040 MWh Rated Power produced in 1 year for 20 turbines = 700,800 MWh Cut-In (Start-Up) Wind Speed: 3 m/s Rated (Nominal) Wind Speed: 14 m/s Cut-Out (Maximum) Wind Speed: 25 m/s

Efficiency There is a range of wind speeds close to the rated wind speed in which the turbine performs optimally After this range, performance decreases drastically On average, if wind speed decreases by half, power production decreases by a factor of 8 Industry estimates an annual output of 30-40% of the rated capacity Mean output in U.S.: 26.9% of rated capacity General Electric claims a 52% capacity factor (in wind speed of 10 m/s)

Efficiency cont’d This is called capacity factor: actual output/maximum output 26.9% capacity factor: 700,800 * = 188,515 MWh in 1 year 52% capacity factor: 700,800 * 0.52 = 364,416 MWh in 1 year

How many homes can a wind turbine power? Average household power consumption: MWh per year Maine: MWh per year 52% capacity factor: 31,699 homes, 58,287 in Maine 26.9% capacity factor: 16,398 homes, 30,153 in Maine ** This does not mean, however that our power is going straight to housing. Instead, it is being sold to a power distribution company where housing accounts for only about one third of power in the grid.

Max Power Calculation  Max Rated Power: [Figure 2: Screen Shot of MATLAB] o Minimum Wind Speed = 3 M/S* o Maximum Wind Speeds = 25 M/S* * Calculations included the use of MatLab ™

Offshore Location o Offshore of Maine in the United States o Known to have high wind speeds year-round o The coast is not overwhelmed with turbines with a comfortable distance away from the shore line o 20 turbines on water platforms o Google Earth map representation…

Site Map Atlantic Coastline [Figure 3: Google Maps Image]

Google Sketch-Up Design ---- Electrical connections

Layout of Generator and Electrical Connections  Generator High above water ensure water protection  Worker’s Platform easy accessibility storage of the generator and electrical connections [Figure 4: Turbine Internals]

Layout of Generator cont. 25 Direct Drive Generator: Transferring DC power through the sea water High inductance of salt water allows the DC power to flow DC power will move through the connections and be converted at substation

Method of solution Work Breakdown and Structure: Labor Contractors o o Transportation of equipment Barges o o Platform constructor o o General Electric (GE) for Wind Turbines

Construction Schedule o o Hiring Period of personnel: 1 month o o Site prep and law/license registration and processing: 2-3 months o o Equipment Ordering/Delivering: 3 weeks o o Construction: 5-8 months o o Testing Period: 2 weeks

Gantt Schedule View

Cost Analysis  The total budget will be anywhere from $220-$230 million dollars  Categories: Safety Wind Turbines Labor Costs Transportation Equipment/Miscellaneous

Gantt Cost Analysis

Team Windbreakers Group Roles o o Natalie – Harmonizer and encourager o o Alex – Clarifier and information seeker o o Ross – Initiator and option generator o o Dylan – Summarizer o o Garrett – Information giver o o James – Initiator and option generator  In our research we found that each of us had roles that helped to propel us and keep us going on the right track. Through this collaboration our project was completed.

Evaluation of Preliminary Design Team 5 Ratings of Preliminary Presentation: [Fiigure 5: GE (2012)]

Evaluation of Preliminary Design Team 5 Brainstorming: The group needs to go into more detail about each of the tasks necessary to complete the project We need to find the cost of each turbine We need to discuss safety more in depth Consider environmental impacts more thoroughly We need to research the electrical workings of the turbine

Discussion and Conclusions  Very Bright Future  Future challenges: environmental impacts cost constraints  Turnover Rate approximately years  The major challenges of wind farms: Space Time Weather/Environment Legal Regulations Costs  These challenges can be overcome with careful planning and research

Resources asphttp:// asp energy.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/offshore /index.htmhttp://site.ge- energy.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/offshore /index.htm energy_ phphttp:// energy_ php Energy-GE tid21.htmlhttp:// Energy-GE tid21.html news-projects/4-mw-direct-drive-headed-offshore/ news-projects/4-mw-direct-drive-headed-offshore/