MANIPULATING MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION Leo Timms Iowa State University.

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Presentation transcript:

MANIPULATING MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION Leo Timms Iowa State University

POUNDS VS. PERCENTAGES

GENETICS Milk composition/ yield highly heritable Heritability (h 2 ) milk yield.27 % fat.58 % protein.49 % lactose.55 Correlation between % fat and protein: ~.5 Correlation between yield and % fat : ~ -.2 Correlation between yield and % protein: -.1 Correlation between yield and lbs. fat / prot. ++

GENETICS Milk composition/ yield highly heritable Species and/ or Breed differences Fat / protein % Milk fat globule size Beta carotene Fatty acid profiles Casein genotypes

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Age Stage of lactation -colostrum - rest of lactation Dry period ( non-lactating) Milking fraction (fat, SCC, IG?) Milking interval Reproduction: estrus/ follicular cyst/pregnancy Temperature Factors that affect/ compete for nutrients

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS METABOLIC DISEASES Ketosis (glucose shortage – fat mobilized)  may increase or decrease yield  increased fat test ( lipolysis)  increased milk ketones Milk Fever (Ca drain)  decreased production MASTITIS ( Future talk)

NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IF YOU DON’T FEED THEM, THEY WONT MILK! (DMI)

WATER!!!!! H2O

NUTRITIONAL FACTORS Underfeed energy (CHO) Volume, lactose, protein Underfeed protein Volume, lactose protein Underfeeding energy: greatest effects!

LACTOSE (VOLUME) GLUCOSE demands! Traditionally hard to change! Propylene glycol/ glycerol drenches (bolus effect important!) Rumensin Chromium Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Niacin and choline (rumen protected)

MILK PROTEINS Not as easy to change as one thinks! Worth lots of $ so want to increase! Dietary protein: minimal effects Protected proteins/AA: minimal when protein is sufficient Oilseeds: protein% Hyperinsulinaemic/ euglycaemic clamp Increased milk protein 25% Same plasma AA: blood flow/AA extraction

VITAMINS Vitamin A: fresh vs stored feeds Increase feed Vit A/E: milk May be more important for mastitis and somatic cells

MINERALS Very hard to change!!! IODINE!

MILK LIPIDS Easiest to change: diet labile Change amount and types of FA Saturated/protected oils: temp Excessive grain / limited fiber Rumen buffers: if low, will Excess or free oilseeds: Fiber digestion, CLA isomer Feed CLA: CLA ; Fat