RECTIFICATION

X-RAY CIRCUIT

Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity. Hippocrates

RECTIFICATION PROCESS BY WHICH ALTERNATING CURRENT IS CHANGED TO PULSATING DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATING CURRENT 1 PHASE A/C ( UNRECTIFIED)- FREQUENCY 60 Hz

60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC 60 NEGATIVE PULSES/SEC

60 POSITIVE PULSES 60 NEGATIVE PULSES 120 PULSES 60 FULL CYCLES

BATTERY – CURRENT OUTPUT STEADY D/C

D/C HALF WAVE RECTIFIED D/C HALF-WAVE – 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC NEGATIVE PULSES ARE SUPPRESSED 1 PULSE/CYCLE

D/C FULL WAVE RECTIFIED D/C HALF-WAVE – 120 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC 2 PULSES/CYCLE

D/C -3 PHASE 6 PULSE CURRENT D/C 3 PHASE 6 PULSE – 6 PULSES/CYCLE

D/C - 3 PHASE 12 PULSE D/C 3 PHASE 12 PULSE – 12 PULSES/CYCLE

DIODES OR VALVE TUBES HELP RECTIFY A/C CURRENT DIODE ELECTRONS VALVE TUBE

X-RAY TUBE FORWARD BIAS

REVERSE BIAS + - NO X-RAY

FORWARD vs REVERSE

RECTIFICATION TYPES ► HALF-WAVE ► FULL WAVE ► THREE PHASE SIX PULSE ► THREE PHASE TWELVE PULSE ► HIGH FREQUENCY SINGLE PHASE

RECTIFICATION NO RECTIFICATION HALF-WAVE FULL-WAVE

3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

HIGH FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION

HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

3 PHASE 6 PULSE

3 PHASE 12 PULSE

HIGH FREQUENCY

VOLTAGE RIPPLE ► HALF WAVE % ► FULL WAVE % ► 3 PHASE 6 PULSE % ► 3 PHASE 12 PULSE % ► HIGH FREQUENCY <1%

RIPPLE 100%

RIPPLE-3 PHASE 13%

RIPPLE-HIGH FREQUENCY <1%

Home-made x-ray apparatus

CHECKING FAILURE OF RECTIFICATION SYSTEM ► SPINNING TOP TEST – 1 PHASE EQUIPMENT ► SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST- 3 PHASE WITH LONGER EXPOSURE TIMES ► OSCILLOSCOPE- 3 PHASE EQUIPMENT WITH SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES

SPINNING TOP TEST

RESULT OF SPINNING TOP TEST- 1 PHASE - DASHES

HALF- WAVE RECTIFICATION # OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 60 PULSES

FULL- WAVE RECTIFICATION # OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 120 PULSES

RESULT OF SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-3PHASE ARC

3 PHASE RECTIFICATION- LONGER EXPOSURE TIME DEG. OF ARC = 360°/ sec x TIME (sec)

UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE

UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE RECTIFIED SYSTEM