Body Systems

Learning Expectations 1.1 Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. 1.2 Investigate the structure of the major body systems and relate the functions. 1.3 Investigate the major body cavities and the subdivisions of each cavity. 1.4 Apply correct anatomical terminology of body parts and regions.

Overview ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward. HOMEOSTASIS- pp. 2, 11

Many Levels of Structural Organization Chemical level- Atoms combine to form molecules Cellular level- reflect their particular functions in the body Tissue level- Consist of groups of similar cells (epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural) Organ level- two or more tissue types making an organ with complex function Organ system level- group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose (example: cardiovascular system with heart and blood vessels)

Organ Systems Overview ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive

Worksheet Handout #1and 2

Alert! Test Friday

Analyze anatomical position. Activity: Assume the anatomical position. comment on how that position differs from the “usual” standing position explain why knowing this position is important to precisely identify anatomical terms and physiological processes.

Anatomic Terminology Position and Directional Terms ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body CAUDAL – means tail end SUPERIOR – upper or above something INFERIOR – lower or below something MEDIAL – toward the middle LATERAL – toward the side of the body PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

Body Planes and Sections PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane 1. SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts 2. CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions 3. TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

Three Major Planes When a section or cut is made through the body wall or an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called a plane. What kind of section would have to be made to cut the brain into right and left parts? What kind of section would have to be made to divide the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts? What is a cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts?

Cavities of the Body DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY. ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Alert! Study the “Body Cavity” quiz on Wednesday

Body Cavities 1 2 3 5 6 7 Label the diagram

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions

Activity Body Systems Worksheet #3 and #4